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    Chapter 2 Conduction 2

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    Diwas Ghimire
    The document discusses thermal diffusivity, a property that represents how fast heat diffuses through a material. Thermal diffusivity is defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity to heat capacity, so it depends on both how well a material conducts heat and how much energy it stores. Materials with high thermal conductivity or low heat capacity have high thermal diffusivity, allowing heat to propagate faster. The document also covers one-dimensional heat conduction through a plane wall with uniform internal heat generation, describing the governing equation and how to calculate the temperature distribution and heat transfer.

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    Chapter 2 Conduction 2

    Uploaded by

    Diwas Ghimire
    6 views17 pages
    The document discusses thermal diffusivity, a property that represents how fast heat diffuses through a material. Thermal diffusivity is defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity to heat capacity, so it depends on both how well a material conducts heat and how much energy it stores. Materials with high thermal conductivity or low heat capacity have high thermal diffusivity, allowing heat to propagate faster. The document also covers one-dimensional heat conduction through a plane wall with uniform internal heat generation, describing the governing equation and how to calculate the temperature distribution and heat transfer.

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    The document discusses thermal diffusivity, a property that represents how fast heat diffuses through a material. Thermal diffusivity is defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity to heat capacity, so it depends on both how well a material conducts heat and how much energy it stores. Materials with high thermal conductivity or low heat capacity have high thermal diffusivity, allowing heat to propagate faster. The document also covers one-dimensional heat conduction through a plane wall with uniform internal heat generation, describing the governing equation and how to calculate the temperature distribution and heat transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views17 pages

    Chapter 2 Conduction 2

    Uploaded by

    Diwas Ghimire
    The document discusses thermal diffusivity, a property that represents how fast heat diffuses through a material. Thermal diffusivity is defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity to heat capacity, so it depends on both how well a material conducts heat and how much energy it stores. Materials with high thermal conductivity or low heat capacity have high thermal diffusivity, allowing heat to propagate faster. The document also covers one-dimensional heat conduction through a plane wall with uniform internal heat generation, describing the governing equation and how to calculate the temperature distribution and heat transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Heat Transfer

    Chapter -2
    Conduction (2)
    Navin Kumar Jha
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering,
    Pulchowk Campus
    Thermal Diffusivity

    • The product ρCp, which is frequently encountered in heat transfer analysis,


    is called the heat capacity of a material.
    • Both the specific heat Cp and the heat capacity ρCp represent the heat
    storage capability of a material. But Cp expresses it per unit mass whereas
    ρCp expresses it per unit volume, as can be noticed from their units J/kg ·
    °C and J/m3 · °C, respectively.
    • Another material property that appears in the transient heat conduction
    analysis is the thermal diffusivity, which represents how fast heat diffuses
    through a material and is defined as

    Heat Transfer 2
    Thermal Diffusivity
    • Here, the thermal conductivity k represents how well a
    material conducts heat, and the heat capacity ρCp
    represents how much energy a material stores per unit
    volume.
    • Therefore, the thermal diffusivity of a material can be viewed
    as the ratio of the heat conducted through the material to
    the heat stored per unit volume.
    • A material that has a high thermal conductivity or a low heat
    capacity will obviously have a large thermal diffusivity. The
    larger the thermal diffusivity, the faster the propagation of
    heat into the medium. A small value of thermal diffusivity
    means that heat is mostly absorbed by the material and a
    small amount of heat will be conducted further

    Heat Transfer 3
    Thermal Diffusivity

    • Note that the thermal diffusivity ranges from


    0.14 X 10-6 m2 /s for water to 174 X 106 m2 /s
    for silver, which is a difference of more than a
    thousand times. Also note that the thermal
    diffusivities of meat and water are the same.
    This is not surprising, since meat as well as
    fresh vegetables and fruits are mostly water, and
    thus they possess the thermal properties of
    water

    Heat Transfer 4
    Conduction through Plane Wall

    General form of heat conduction equation


    in Cartesian coordinate

    If steady state, no heat generation and one


    dimensional i.e.

    Then the above general equation will be

    B.C. at x =o, t = t1 and at x= L, t = t2


    So, C2 = t1 and C1 =

    temprature distribution (linear and independent of thermal conductivity


    Heat Transfer 5
    Now, applying Fourier’s law to estimate heat conduction through
    the wall,

    Heat Transfer 6
    Alternate Method

    Heat Transfer 7
    Conduction with Heat Generation

    Heat Transfer 8
    Conduction with Heat Generation
    • In many situations of practical importance, heat is
    generated internally at uniform rate within the conducting
    medium itself.
    • Notable examples are:
    • (i) Resistance heating in electrical appliances; essentially
    it is the conversion of electrical energy into thermal
    energy in the current carrying medium
    • (ii) Energy generated in the fuel element of a nuclear
    reactor
    • (iii) Liberation of energy due to some exothermic
    chemical reactions occurring within the medium
    • (iv) Drying and setting of concrete

    Heat Transfer 9
    Conduction with Heat Generation

    • The rate of heat generation has to be controlled one; otherwise the


    resulting temperature growth might result in the failure of the
    medium.
    • Undoubtedly temperature distribution within the medium and the
    rate of heat dissipation to the surroundings assume great
    importance in the design of thermal units.
    • So, lets see how temperature profile and heat transfer estimation
    are made in the case where heat is generated internally

    Heat Transfer 10
    One-Dimensional, Steady-State Heat Conduction with
    Uniform Internal Heat Generation (Plane Wall)
    • Assumptions:
    - One dimensional conduction i.e. thickness L is small
    compared to the dimensions in the y and z directions
    - Steady state conduction i.e. temperature at any point
    within the slab does not change with time; of course,
    temperatures at different points within the slab will be
    different.
    - Uniform internal heat generation rate, qg (W/m3)
    - Material of the slab is homogeneous (i.e. constant
    density) and isotropic (i.e. value of k is same in all
    directions).

    Heat Transfer 11
    One-Dimensional, Steady-State Heat Conduction with
    Uniform Internal Heat Generation (Plane Wall)

    Courtesy: Slide Player

    Heat Transfer 12
    One-Dimensional, Steady-State Heat Conduction with
    Uniform Internal Heat Generation (Plane Wall)
    • When these assumptions are made then general
    differential equation governing heat conduction will be

    • ……………… (i)

    This means the heat flux is not independent of x

    Heat Transfer 13
    One-Dimensional, Steady-State Heat Conduction with Uniform
    Internal Heat Generation (Plane Wall)

    Courtesy: Slide Player


    Heat Transfer 14
    Special Cases

    Heat Transfer 15
    Heat Transfer 16
    Concept of Thermal Resistance

    Heat Transfer 17

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