TEFLON

P R E PA R E D B Y: M U H A M M A D A R S L A N TA H I R

R E G I S T R AT I O N N O : 2 0 1 8 - M M - 1 4
 1. What is Teflon?

2. History of Teflon

3. Production Process

4. Properties

5. Filter performance comparison

6. Processing of Teflon

7. Roadmap to make Teflon Gaskets

8. Advantages of Teflon

OUTLINE 9. Main advantages of Teflon Coatings

10. Teflon Wires

11. Effective aspects of Teflon wires

12. Various uses of Teflon wires

13. Carbon filled PTEF

14. Other applications

15. Safety related issues

16. Eco-toxicity
 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a
synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene that has
numerous applications. The well-known brand name of
PTFE-based formulas is Teflon by Chemours. Chemours
WHAT IS TEFLON? was a spin-off from DuPont, which originally discovered
the compound in 1938.Another popular brand name of
PTFE is Syncolon by Synco Chemical Corporation.

C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a : (C2F4)n
 HISTORY OF TEFLON
PTFE was accidentally discovered in 1938 by Roy J.
Plunkett while he was working in New Jersey for DuPont.
As Plunkett attempted to make a
new chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant,
the tetrafluoroethylene gas in its pressure bottle stopped
flowing before the bottle's weight had dropped to the
point signaling "empty." Since Plunkett was measuring
the amount of gas used by weighing the bottle, he
became curious as to the source of the weight, and
finally resorted to sawing the bottle apart. He found the
bottle's interior coated with a waxy white material that
was oddly slippery. Analysis showed that it was
polymerized perfluoroethylene, with the iron from the
inside of the container having acted as a catalyst at high
pressure. Kinetic Chemicals patented the new
fluorinated plastic (analogous to the already
known polyethylene) in 1941, and registered the Teflon
trademark in 1945.
PRODUCTION PROCESS:
PTFE is produced by free-radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene.
The net equation is

n F2C=CF2 → −(F2C−CF2)n−

Because tetrafluoroethylene can explosively decompose to

tetrafluoromethane and carbon, special apparatus is required for the
polymerization to prevent hot spots that might initiate this dangerous
side reaction. The process is typically initiated with persulfate, which
homolyzes to generate sulfate radicals:

[O3SO−OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 SO4•−

The resulting polymer is terminated with sulfate ester groups, which can
be hydrolyzed to give OH end-groups.

Because PTFE is poorly soluble in almost all solvents, the polymerization is

conducted as an emulsion in water. This process gives a suspension of
polymer particles. Alternatively, the polymerization is conducted using a
surfactant such as PFOS
Properties:
PTFE is a thermoplastic polymer, which is a white solid at room
temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m3. According to
research, its melting point is 600 K (327 °C; 620 °F). It maintains high
strength, toughness and self-lubrication at low temperatures down
to 5 K (−268.15 °C; −450.67 °F), and good flexibility at temperatures
above 194 K (−79 °C; −110 °F). PTFE gains its properties from the
aggregate effect of carbon-fluorine bonds, as do all fluorocarbons.
The only chemicals known to affect these carbon-fluorine bonds are
highly reactive metals like the alkali metals, and at higher
temperatures also such metals as aluminum and magnesium, and
fluorinating agents such as xenon difluoride and cobalt(III)
fluoride. At temperatures above 650–700 °C (1,200–1,290 °F) PTFE
undergoes de-polymerization.
FILTER PERFORMANCE COMPARISON:
PROCESSING OF TEFLON:

Sintering at 360-380 degree

Conversion of solid Teflon Compaction in a mold at a
Celsius to fuse the particles
into very fine powder pressure of 10-100 MPa
together.
 ROADMAP TO MAKE TEFLON GASKET:

STAGE 01 STAGE 02 STAGE 03 STAGE 04 STAGE 05

•PTEF molding powder. •PTEF molding machine. •Sintered furnace •Drying and packing for •Lathe to process and packing
•Free flow or non free •Suit for gasket OD 10- machine. sale. for sale.
flow 50mm •Put the gasket tray to
sintered furnace.
ADVANTAGES OF TEFLON:
1-Low friction – this means that moving parts that are coated in PTFE will slide with ease, causing less heat, less wear &
tear & reducing fire risk. PTFE’s coefficient of friction is the third-lowest of any known solid material
2-Self-cleaning – as PTFE is a non-stick material, dirt won’t stick to it.
3-Effective at a wide range of temperatures – PTFE can handle extremes of temperature that are suitable for many
applications. It is effective at continuous surface temperatures up to 260 degrees centigrade and much higher
temperatures can be sustained over shorter periods
4-Long-term weather-ability – PTFE is an extremely durable material. For example, it is not affected by ultraviolet and is
resistant to oxidation, discoloration, and embrittlement
5-Non-flammability – PTFE offers extraordinary resistance to high temperature and flames because it has a very high
melting point and auto-ignition temperature
6-Chemical resistance to corrosive reagents – this means that most chemicals don’t affect it & so it’s the go-to choice for
most industries. It’s often used as a gasket where aggressive chemicals are used
7-Great electrical properties – PTFE offers high electrical resistance and dielectric strength
MAIN ADVANTAGES OF TEFLON COATING SERVICES:
1- It is non-stick
2- It is heat-resistant and cold-resistant
3- It is chemical-resistant
4- It has great electrical properties
5- A wide range of products can be coated in Teflon™
6- It has an excellent service life, retaining its properties over a long period of time
7- It has a low refractive index, meaning that the product’s visual appearance won’t change after light exposure
8- It doesn’t biodegrade meaning it lasts
9- It is completely resistant to water, making it a great barrier to water & resistant in all ranges of humidity
10- It’s relatively inert: Teflon™ is inert to all solvents and chemicals agents except molten alkali metals and hot fluorine gas
TEFLON WIRES:
When it comes to wires, the universe of wires is not constrained to few conventional wires, for
example, copper wires etc. The progressive change took them facilitate which give solid variations
like Silver Plated Copper Electrical Wire, PTFE Insulated Silver Plated Copper Wire, Silver Coated
Copper Wire, and so on.
Teflon wires are additionally a noteworthy piece of the universe of wires that have been viewed as
significant for its charming properties. It has noteworthy resistance properties of the chemicals,
temperature, dampness, and power which make it simple to enter the opposition without
significantly more noteworthy exertion.
The perfect material is considered in influencing the wires for its unwavering quality and strength
to notwithstanding for the most strenuous applications.
EFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF TEFLON WIRES:

1- This kind of wires have high dielectric strength

2- These are extremely high operating temperatures.
3- Contains low dissipation factor and also unchanged by susceptibility to humidity, liquid, and
moisture
Along with these, other features are as following:
These Insulated wires are suitable for a wide frequency range
Silver plated conductors or your choice of conductor
Provides resistance to UV radiation, stress, mold, and chemicals
PTFE insulated wires are not subject to creeping or deformity over time
VARIOUS USES OF TEFLON WIRES:

There are numerous qualities such as electrical resistances, temperature, moisture and chemical that
make it an excellent material whenever tools, products, and components require being reliable in even
the most demanding applications.
In Medical Field:
PTFE covered wires give perfect scope and assurance when medical gadgets require a smooth coating
that is smooth, thin, artificially idle, exact and equipped for withstanding a wide assortment of
conditions.
It’s non-chipping complete settles on it a covering of decision when complete quality is foremost for
the two feel and administrative details. At PWI, our forte is protecting the sort of miniaturized scale
PTFE covered wire that is habitually utilized as a part of the therapeutic instrumentation, inserts, and
different gadgets.
CARBON FILLED PTEF:

Carbon Filled PTFE was developed to provide a PTFE based material with improved mechanical strength.
PTFE on its own has excellent frictional properties, elasticity and wear resistance but relatively poor
mechanical strength and tends to fail in high PV applications.
Carbon Filled PTEF Properties:
Carbon in itself is a brittle material with poor wear properties and mechanical strength. However with
the two combined in Carbon Filled PTFE formulations, the resultant material has excellent mechanical
and wear properties, retains the excellent frictional properties and is an excellent choice for seals and
rings in dynamic and high pressure applications.
Carbon filled PTFE also provides good thermal conductivity, low permeability and is also electrically
conductive making it a good choice for anti-static applications.
OTHER APPLICATION OF TEFLON ARE AS:

1- It is often found in ski bindings as a non-mechanical AFD (anti-friction device)

2- It can be stretched to contain small pores of varying sizes and is then placed between fabric layers to
make a waterproof, breathable fabric in outdoor apparel.
3- It is used widely as a fabric protector to repel stains on formal school-wear, like uniform blazers.
4- It is frequently used as a lubricant to prevent captive insects and other arthropods from escaping.
5- It is used as a film interface patch for sports and medical applications, featuring a pressure-sensitive
adhesive backing, which is installed in strategic high friction areas of footwear, insoles, ankle-foot
orthosis, and other medical devices to prevent and relieve friction-induced blisters, calluses and foot
ulceration.
6- Expanded PTFE membranes have been used in trials to assist trabeculectomy surgery to treat glaucoma.
7- Powdered PTFE is used in pyrotechnic compositions as an oxidizer with powdered metals such
as aluminum and magnesium. Upon ignition, these mixtures form carbonaceous soot and the corresponding
metal fluoride, and release large amounts of heat. They are used in infrared decoy flares and as igniters for solid-fuel
rocket propellants. Aluminum and PTFE is also used in some thermobaric fuel compositions.
8- Powdered PTFE is used in a suspension with a low-viscosity, a zeotropic mixture of siloxane ethers to create a lubricant
for use in twisty puzzles.
9- In optical radiometry, sheets of PTFE are used as measuring heads in spectroradiometers and broadband radiometers
(e.g., illuminance meters and UV radiometers) due to PTFE's capability to diffuse a transmitting light nearly perfectly.
Moreover, optical properties of PTFE stay constant over a wide range of wavelengths, from UV down to near infrared. In
this region, the ratio of its regular transmittance to diffuse transmittance is negligibly small, so light transmitted through
a diffuser (PTFE sheet) radiates like Lambert's cosine law. Thus PTFE enables sinusoidal angular response for a detector
measuring the power of optical radiation at a surface, e.g. in solar irradiance measurements.
10- Certain types of bullets are coated with PTFE to reduce wear on the rifling of firearms that uncoated projectiles would cause. PTFE itself
does not give a projectile an armor-piercing property.
11- Its high corrosion resistance makes PTFE useful in laboratory environments, where it is used for lining containers, as a coating for
magnetic stirrers, and as tubing for highly corrosive chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid, which will dissolve glass containers. It is used in
containers for storing fluoroantimonic acid, a super acid.
12- PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste incinerators. Unit power capacity is typically several megawatts.
13- PTFE is widely used as a thread seal tape in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope.
14- PTFE membrane filters are among the most efficient industrial air filters. PTFE-coated filters are often used in dust collection systems to
collect particulate matter from air streams in applications involving high temperatures and high particulate loads such as coal-fired power
plants, cement production and steel foundries.
15- PTFE grafts can be used to bypass stenotic arteries in peripheral vascular disease if a suitable autologous vein graft is not available.
16- Many bicycle lubricants and greases contain PTFE and are used on chains and other moving parts subjected to frictional forces (such
as hub bearings).
17- EPTFE is used for some types of dental floss.
 1. Pyrolysis of PTFE is detectable at 200 °C (392 °F), and it evolves
several fluorocarbon gases and a sublimate. An animal study
conducted in 1955 concluded that it is unlikely that these products
would be generated in amounts significant to health at temperatures
below 250 °C (482 °F).Products like non-stick coated cookware have
had their PFOA removed since 2013 and prior to this products
containing PFOA weren't found to be major sources of exposure.

2. While PTFE is stable and nontoxic at lower temperatures, it begins to

deteriorate after the temperature of cookware reaches about 260 °C
SAFETY RELATED ISSUES (500 °F), and decomposes above 350 °C (662 °F). The degradation by-
products can be lethal to birds, and can cause flu-like symptoms in
humans—see polymer fume fever. Meat is usually fried between 204
and 232 °C (399 and 450 °F), and most oils start to smoke before a
temperature of 260 °C (500 °F) is reached, but there are at least two
cooking oils (refined safflower oil at 265 °C (509 °F) and avocado oil at
271 °C (520 °F)) that have a higher smoke point. However these cases
of polymer fume fever were mostly present in people who had
cooked at 390 °C (734 °F) for ⪰4 hours.
 1. Sodium trifluoroacetate and the similar compound
chlorodifluoroacetate can both be generated when PTFE undergoes
thermolysis, as well as producing longer chain polyfluoro- and/or
polychlorofluoro- (C3-C14) carboxylic acids which may be equally
persistent. Some of these products have recently been linked with
possible adverse health and environmental impacts and are being
ECOTOXICITY phased out of the US market.[61]

2. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is sometimes used in the process of

making PTFE/Teflon, although it is burned off during this process and
is not usually present in significant quantities in the resultant PTFE
 SIMILAR POLYMERS

The Teflon trade name is also used for other

polymers with similar compositions:

Perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA)

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)

These retain the useful PTFE properties of low

friction and non reactivity, but are also more easily
formable. For example, FEP is softer than PTFE and
melts at 533 K (260 °C; 500 °F); it is also highly
transparent and resistant to sunlight.
DANGERS OF TEFLON:

1- Up until 2015, Teflon was made using a chemical called perfluorooctonoic acid, or PFOA. It is a
suspected carcinogen, hormone disruptor, and reproductive toxin. It is also highly persistent, which
means once it enters the environment it does not leave (think of what this means for our drinking
water, seafood, and farmland soils).
2- While it is thought that most of the carcinogenic chemicals are eliminated during manufacture,
small amounts may remain. And when Teflon is overheated, these chemicals can enter the food being
cooked. It is a known toxin to birds, which is why Teflon products (including self-cleaning ovens) include
a warning to remove any birds from the room when being heated. Exposure to Teflon that has been
overheated can result in flu-like symptoms in humans (metal or polymer fume fever).
3- Because of the concerns to human health and the environment around PFOA, many manufacturers
are phasing it out, including the Teflon brand. However, there is little to no information about what the
alternative process or chemicals are. The good news is, there are alternatives.