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    The Unification of The United Kingdom

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    alina.m.niculae20
    The unification of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 occurred through a series of negotiations and political acts. Key representatives from each kingdom negotiated the Articles of Union, which established a single parliament at Westminster and a common monarch. The articles received royal assent through the Act of Union of 1707, officially creating the Kingdom of Great Britain and uniting the two countries for the first time under a single government. While the union led to two Jacobite uprisings seeking to reverse it, it proved largely successful in combining the nations and paving the way for further expansion and colonial growth.

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    The Unification of The United Kingdom

    Uploaded by

    alina.m.niculae20
    31 views22 pages
    The unification of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 occurred through a series of negotiations and political acts. Key representatives from each kingdom negotiated the Articles of Union, which established a single parliament at Westminster and a common monarch. The articles received royal assent through the Act of Union of 1707, officially creating the Kingdom of Great Britain and uniting the two countries for the first time under a single government. While the union led to two Jacobite uprisings seeking to reverse it, it proved largely successful in combining the nations and paving the way for further expansion and colonial growth.

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    The Unification of the United Kingdom

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    The unification of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 occurred through a series of negotiations and political acts. Key representatives from each kingdom negotiated the Articles of Union, which established a single parliament at Westminster and a common monarch. The articles received royal assent through the Act of Union of 1707, officially creating the Kingdom of Great Britain and uniting the two countries for the first time under a single government. While the union led to two Jacobite uprisings seeking to reverse it, it proved largely successful in combining the nations and paving the way for further expansion and colonial growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views22 pages

    The Unification of The United Kingdom

    Uploaded by

    alina.m.niculae20
    The unification of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 occurred through a series of negotiations and political acts. Key representatives from each kingdom negotiated the Articles of Union, which established a single parliament at Westminster and a common monarch. The articles received royal assent through the Act of Union of 1707, officially creating the Kingdom of Great Britain and uniting the two countries for the first time under a single government. While the union led to two Jacobite uprisings seeking to reverse it, it proved largely successful in combining the nations and paving the way for further expansion and colonial growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    The unification

    of the United Kingdom


    Summary

    ▪ Historical context
    ▪ Negotiations
    ▪ Articles of Union
    ▪ Act of Union (of 1707)
    ▪ Outcome

    2
    1
    Historical context

    3
    Historical context

    ▪ At the death of Queen Elizabeth the Ist of England, James the


    Ist, also known as James VI, King of Scotland became
    monarch.
    ▪ England and Scotland now shared the same monarch under
    what was known as a UNION OF THE CROWNS.
    ▪ He was the first to introduce debates about the unification of
    the 2 independent kingdoms

    4
    Historical context -2-

    ▪ His wish for the future: to be known by the title of King of Great Britain
    and not by the divided names of England and Scotland.

    ▪ 1606 : British flag


    ▪ Combined crosses of St George and of St Andrew. The result was the
    Union Jack, Jack being a shortening of Jacobus, the Latin version of
    James.

    5
    “
    “Never had England’s prestige in Europe been so
    extensive. The triumphs of her armies, the foresight of
    her Revolution, inspired in other peoples a desire to
    study her ideas and institutions.” –Andre Maurois, “A
    history of England’’, page 368, published in 1937

    6
    Historical context -3-

    ▪ Financial issues became a big problem as England embarked upon the War
    of the Spanish Succession.

    ▪ England had insufficient manpower to fight wars, sustain manufacturing


    and expand its empire. The Scots were a ready reservoir.

    ▪ Scotland had an issue balancing the trade having imports hugely


    exceeding exports.

    7
    Evolution of the British Flag

    I. I. First Union Jack (flag from 1707)


    8 II. II. Second Union Jack (flag from 1801)
    2
    Negotiations

    9
    Negotiations

    ▪ Most important negotians: 1706


    ▪ Negotiations: Cockpit, one of the government buildings at Whitehall in London.

    ▪ The commissioners did not negotiate face to face, but in separate rooms: proposals were
    written.
    ▪ In 3 days: the 2 kingdoms obtained what they had requested:
    -England: had a guarantee that the Hanoverian royal dynasty would succeed Queen Anne
    to the Scottish crown;
    -The Scottish: had access to English colonial markets as the route to an improved
    economy.

    10
    “
    "the two kingdoms of England and Scotland be forever
    united into one kingdom by the name of Great Britain;
    that the United Kingdom of Great Britain be represented
    by one and the same parliament; and that the succession
    to the monarchy of Great Britain be vested in the House
    of Hanover” –proposal of Cowper, the Lord Keeper of
    the Great Seal, presented to the Scottish

    11
    Negotiations -2-

    ▪ Things established:

    ▪ the union flag,


    ▪ the standardisation of weights, measures and coinage;
    ▪ the preservation of private rights, and of heritable offices and jurisdictions;
    ▪ a series of exemptions on taxable items such as paper, windows, coal, salt and
    malt.
    ▪ the legal system, the rights and privileges of the Royal Burghs of Scotland:
    preserved
    ▪ the Scottish Kirk or church were not debated

    12
    3
    Articles of Union

    13
    Articles of Union -1-

    ▪ 25 articles
    ▪ The ones related to the Constitution:

    ▪ Article 1: The 2 kingdoms were to be named GREAT BRITAIN after the


    date of the 1st of May 1707
    ▪ Article 2: The succession to the monarchy of the Kingdom was to pass to
    the House of Hanover. Also Catholics or people marrying Catholics were
    to be excluded from the succession.
    ▪ Article 3: There was only one Parliament to represent the people

    14
    Articles of Union -1-

    ▪ Article 22: Scottish representation at Westminster would be 16 Scottish


    peers in the Lords, and 45 MPs in the Commons.
    ▪ Article 23: Scottish and English peers were to have the same privileges.
    All peers of Scotland were to be deemed peers of Great Britain.
    ▪ Article 24: The Great Seals of England and Scotland were to be replaced
    by a Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

    15
    4
    Act of Union of 1707

    16
    Act of Union -1-

    ▪ 16 January the Act for guaranteeing the Presbyterian Kirk was made part of the Act
    of Ratification.

    ▪ The Act of Ratification: put to a vote. In effect this was a final vote on the Articles
    of Union.

    ▪ Final step: touched with the royal sceptre by Queensberry, the usual manner of
    signifying the sovereign's approval of acts of the Scottish Parliament.

    17
    Act of Union -2-

    ▪ After being made a law, in London the Act was marked by splendour and
    celebration. Moreover, the Union was seen as a further achievement in the
    preservation of Britain from its enemies.

    ▪ In Scotland there were no manifestations held .

    ▪ When the new parliamentary session began on 23 October, English


    parliamentarians warmly welcomed their new Scottish colleagues in the Lords and
    Commons.

    18
    5

    Outcome

    19
    Outcome -1-

    ▪ The Union: led to 2 uprisings in 1715 and 1745


    ▪ The first uprising:

    -Started by the Jacobites in Scotland


    -John Erskine, Earl of Mar gathered an army of 16.000 men
    -The rebellion showed the dissatisfaction about the Union
    -Because of the bad leading, the army of The United Kingdom won
    - As a security measure: the punishment for the heads of the uprising was
    beheading or depriving of the estate

    20
    Articles of Union -2-

    ▪ The second uprising:

    -Prince Charles Edward Stuart, the 24-year-old son of the Old Pretender, decided to
    travel to Scotland to rally the Highland clans
    -He gathered an army of 3000 men and marched towards London instead of
    strengthening his hold on Scotland
    -Following several battles the Prince decided to take the battle on a disadvantageous
    terrain
    -His army was mostly massacred

    21
    Bibliography:

    http
    ://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescruti
    ny/act-of-union-1707
    /
    http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-creation-of-the-united-kingdom-and-the-incor
    poration-of-ireland.html
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-United-Kingdom

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/acts_of_union_01.shtml
    https://archive.org/stream/historyofengland025497mbp#page/n0/mode/2up
    22

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