Practical Class 17.03.2023

1.
- Industrial Revolution: From the late 18th to the early 19th centuries,
Europe and America underwent a significant period of industrialization
and technological development that had a significant impact on
manufacturing, transportation, and communication.
- The Holy Grail is a fabled object that is frequently depicted as a cup or
chalice. It is thought to possess supernatural powers and is the subject of
numerous mediaeval tales and Arthurian romances.
- Geordies: An epithet for residents of Newcastle and the nearby region in
northeastern England.
- Albion is a poetic name for Britain that is frequently used in literary
works.
- Camelot - еhe legendary castle and court of King Arthur and his Knights
of the Round Table
- Known as tithing groups of ten families would band together in England
to form a system of community organization,they would be jointly
responsible for each other's actions and financial obligations.
- Sinn Fein: A 1905-founded political party in Ireland that supports
Ireland's independence from British rule.
- The Picts were a prehistoric people who inhabited what is now Scotland
between the late Iron Age and the early Middle Ages.
- Normans: A group of people with origins in Normandy, France, who rose
to prominence in medieval Europe, particularly in England, for their
military conquests and profound cultural and political influence.
- Maypole: A tall wooden pole used in traditional English May Day
celebrations, frequently embellished with ribbons and flowers.
- Luddites - an English social movement that opposed the mechanization of
conventional textile production techniques and the ensuing loss of jobs.
- Bloody Sunday: A tragic incident that took place in Northern Ireland on
January 30, 1972, when British soldiers fired on unarmed protesters,
killing 14.
- Oliver Cromwell, a military dictator who ruled England, Scotland, and
Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658, held the title of Lord Protector.
- "The Lions of Anjou" were known as The Plantagenet kings of England,
who were originally from Anjou, France,
- Hadrian's Wall: A Roman defensive structure in northern England that
served as the Roman Empire's northern border.
- Cnapan: A mediaeval sport, comparable to rugby or football today, that
was played in Wales and Ireland.
- The War of the Roses was a series of civil wars fought in England during
the 15th century between the Houses of Lancaster and York, whose crests
featured red roses (whose emblem was a white rose).
- The Civil War: A conflict between King Charles I's forces and those of
Parliament that raged in England from 1642 to 1651 and led to the
creation of a republican Commonwealth.
- Stonehenge, an ancient monument in England made up of a ring of
sizable standing stones, is dated to between 3000 and 2000 BCE.
- Еhe Antonine Wall - Roman defensive structure, was constructed in
Scotland and served as the Roman Empire's temporary northern border in
the second century CE.
- Broch: An Iron Age fortified structure that can be found in Scotland.
- The Lordship of the Isles was a feudal lordship in medieval Scotland,
which was centered on a group of islands off the west coast of Scotland.
It was established in the 13th century by Somerled, a Gaelic. The
Lordship was originally a semi-independent entity, but it eventually
became part of the Kingdom of Scotland in the 15th century. The
Lordship of the Isles was dissolved in 1493 by King James IV of
Scotland
2.
- The British government under Winston Churchill helped defeat Nazi

Germany during World War II.
- King Arthur is a legendary British monarch who is linked to the Holy
Grail and the Knights of the Round Table.
- The Venerable Bede: Author of the crucial Anglo-Saxon England
historical work "Ecclesiastical History of the English People."
- Guy Fawkes: Participated in the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605, which
sought to assassinate King James I and blow up the Houses of Parliament.
- Geoffrey Chaucer: Author of "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of
tales that sheds light on English society in the Middle Ages.
- King Oswiu of Northumbria: Supported the spread of Christianity in
northern England by defeating the pagan King Penda of Mercia in the
Battle of Heavenfield.
- Following King Charles I's execution, Oliver Cromwell served as the
Lord Protector of England for a brief period of time. He led the
Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War.
- Elizabeth I: Ruled England during the Elizabethan era, a time of
exploration, expansion, and cultural affluence.
- Henry VIII had six wives, left the Catholic Church to found the Church of
England, and is renowned for his contribution to the English
Reformation.
- By defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, Henry VII put
an end to the Wars of the Roses and established the Tudor dynasty.
- Simon de Montfort organised the first session of Parliament with
representatives from the general populace and led a rebellion against
King Henry III.
- Egbert of Wessex: Made Wessex the most powerful region in England by
becoming the first king to rule over all Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
- In 60 or 61 AD, Boudicca led a revolt against Roman rule in Britain,
ransacking London and other Roman cities before being put down.
- Claudius, the Roman emperor, led the invasion of Britain in 43 AD and
established Roman rule there.
- One of Britain's greatest naval heroes, Lord Nelson led the British Navy
to victory over the French at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
- Leading the Third Crusade to the Holy Land, Richard the Lionheart
struck a deal with Saladin allowing Christian pilgrims to travel to
Jerusalem.
- King Alfred: Defeated the Vikings and established the Kingdom of
Wessex, promoted education and is known for his legal code and
translations of important texts.
- Queen Victoria is associated with Britain's great age of industrial
expansion, economic progress and, especially, empire.
3.
4.
King William I the Conqueror
King Richard the Lion Heart
King Henry VI
King Charles I
King James I
King George II
King George III
King George V
King George VI
Queen Elisabeth II
Queen Anna
Elisabeth I
Mary I
Henry VIII
Queen Victoria
We can definitely state these figures as prominent for British history. Because
they were the kings or queens of the UK, they made important decisions and did
everything to make the UK stronger and free. They believed that they were on
the right path, and maybe thankfully to them, we can study English and know
Britain like this.

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1.

- The British government under Winston Churchill helped defeat Nazi

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