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    T5 Bonding Ch2 - 2018

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    Qutaibq Mahameed
    The document discusses bonding and properties in materials. It explains that properties depend on the arrangement of atoms, interactions between atoms, and bonding energy. The types of primary bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding results in large bond energy and melting temperature, large modulus, and small coefficient of thermal expansion, as seen in ceramics. Metallic bonding exhibits variable bond energy and moderate properties. Polymer properties are dominated by secondary bonding, resulting in small melting temperature, small modulus, and large coefficient of thermal expansion. Bonding influences properties with stronger bonds relating to higher melting temperatures and moduli and weaker bonds relating to larger thermal expansion.

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    T5 Bonding Ch2 - 2018

    Uploaded by

    Qutaibq Mahameed
    16 views10 pages
    The document discusses bonding and properties in materials. It explains that properties depend on the arrangement of atoms, interactions between atoms, and bonding energy. The types of primary bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding results in large bond energy and melting temperature, large modulus, and small coefficient of thermal expansion, as seen in ceramics. Metallic bonding exhibits variable bond energy and moderate properties. Polymer properties are dominated by secondary bonding, resulting in small melting temperature, small modulus, and large coefficient of thermal expansion. Bonding influences properties with stronger bonds relating to higher melting temperatures and moduli and weaker bonds relating to larger thermal expansion.

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    The document discusses bonding and properties in materials. It explains that properties depend on the arrangement of atoms, interactions between atoms, and bonding energy. The types of primary bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding results in large bond energy and melting temperature, large modulus, and small coefficient of thermal expansion, as seen in ceramics. Metallic bonding exhibits variable bond energy and moderate properties. Polymer properties are dominated by secondary bonding, resulting in small melting temperature, small modulus, and large coefficient of thermal expansion. Bonding influences properties with stronger bonds relating to higher melting temperatures and moduli and weaker bonds relating to larger thermal expansion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views10 pages

    T5 Bonding Ch2 - 2018

    Uploaded by

    Qutaibq Mahameed
    The document discusses bonding and properties in materials. It explains that properties depend on the arrangement of atoms, interactions between atoms, and bonding energy. The types of primary bonds are ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding results in large bond energy and melting temperature, large modulus, and small coefficient of thermal expansion, as seen in ceramics. Metallic bonding exhibits variable bond energy and moderate properties. Polymer properties are dominated by secondary bonding, resulting in small melting temperature, small modulus, and large coefficient of thermal expansion. Bonding influences properties with stronger bonds relating to higher melting temperatures and moduli and weaker bonds relating to larger thermal expansion.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Topic 5

    Bonding and Properties


    Selected parts from Chapter 2

    Materials Science
    Engineering Materials and Testing

    Dr. Maher Al-Jabari


    Palestine Polytechnic University
    Department of Mechanical Engineering

    Chapter 2 - 1
    Why Atomic Structure is Important

    Properties depend on
    - arrangement of atoms
    - interactions between atoms
    - interactions between molecules

    Types of bonds ……
    Bonding Energy affects properties
    e.g. thermal properties

    Chapter 2 - 2
    Remember - Electron Configurations
    • Valence electrons – those in unfilled shells
    • Filled shells more stable
    • Valence electrons are most available for bonding and
    tend to control the chemical properties

    • example: C (atomic number = 6)

    1s2 2s2 2p2


    valence electrons

    Chapter 2 - 3
    Remember - Atomic Structure
    • Valence electrons: in the outer-shell
    • determine all of the following properties
    1) Chemical: reactivity
    2) Electrical: conductivity
    3) Thermal: conductivity
    4) Optical: transmittance
    Primary Bonding:
    Ionic ……………..
    Covalent ……………..
    Metallic ……………..

    Chapter 2 - 4
    Electronegativity
    • Ranges from 0.7 to 4.0,
    • Large values: tendency to acquire electrons.

    Smaller electronegativity Larger electronegativity

    Chapter 2 - 5
    Interactions Between Atoms
    Far Atoms: Attraction Close Atoms: Repulsion
    Atomic Radius (R)
    - -
    + +
    - -
    + +
    r
    Spacing (r)
    Dynamic Equilibrium

    - -
    + +

    Equilibrium spacing = ro
    ro = 2 R Chapter 2 - 6
    Properties From Bonding: Tm
    • Bond energy, Eo • Melting Temperature, Tm

    Energy Energy

    unstretched length
    ro ro
    r r
    Eo =
    smaller Tm
    “bond energy”
    larger Tm

    Tm is larger if Eo is larger.

    Chapter 2 - 7
    Properties From Bonding
    Remember 
    • Coefficient of thermal expansion, 
    length, L o Coefficient of thermal expansion
    unheated, T1
    L L
    = (T2 -T1)
    heated, T2 Lo

    Energy
    unstretched length
    ro
    r  is larger if Eo is smaller.

    Eo
    Larger 

    Eo Smaller 
    Chapter 2 - 8
    Overview of Bonding
    Type Bond Energy Comments
    Ionic Large! Nondirectional (ceramics)

    Covalent Variable Directional


    large-Diamond (semiconductors, ceramics
    small-Bismuth polymer chains)

    Metallic Variable
    Large in Tungsten Nondirectional (metals)
    Small in Mercury
    Secondary Smallest Directional
    e.g. Van der Waal’s Force inter-chain (polymer)
    inter-molecular
    Chapter 2 - 9
    Summary: Primary Bonds
    Ceramics Large bond energy
    (Ionic & covalent bonding): large Tm
    large E
    small 

    Metals Variable bond energy


    (Metallic bonding): moderate Tm
    moderate E
    moderate 

    Polymers Directional Properties


    (Covalent & Secondary): Secondary bonding dominates
    small Tm
    s eco n d
    a ry b o
    ndi n g
    small E
    large 

    Bonding in Solids > Liquids > Gases


    Chapter 2 - 10

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