Common Injuries and First Aid Treatment

Common
Injuries and
First Aid
Treatment
Overuse, direct impact, and the
application of force greater than
what the body part can structurally
withstand are common causes of
sports injuries
COMMON INJURIES AND FIRST AID
TREATMENT
KINDS OF INJURIES
CHRONIC INJURY
This is caused by repeated overuse

of muscle groups or joints. Poor
technic and structural
abnormalities can also contribute
to the development of chronic
injuries.
COMMON INJURIES AND FIRST AID
TREATMENT
KINDS OF INJURIES
ACUTE INJURY
This is usually associated with a

sudden, traumatic event such as
clashing into another player during
a game or a fall from a bike.
A traumatic impact can cause your
bone to crack, muscles to tear, and
ligaments to snap.
1. Abrasion
An injury caused by
something that rubs or scrapes
against the skin.
2. Bruise
It involves the rupture of

small blood vessels and
discoloration without a break
in the skin.
3. Concussion
A mild reversible brain injury

from a blow to the head,
which may be associated with
loss of consciousness.
4. Cut
A wound caused by a sharp

object or instrument.
5. Groin strain
A tear or rupture to any one of

the adductor muscles resulting
in pain in the inner thigh.
6. Hamstring strain
A strain or tear to the tendons

or large muscles resulting in
pain in the inner thigh.
7. Knee joint injuries
Affects the bones, cartilage,

ligaments, and tendons of the
knee. Common examples are
fractures, dislocations,
sprains, and ligament tears.
8. Nose injuries
Injuries to the nose or the areas that
surround and support the nose,
causing bloody or broken nose,
pain, swelling, and bruising of the
nose.
9. Sprain
A sudden or violent twist of a

joint with stretching or tearing
of ligaments.
10. Stress fracture
A small crack or severe
bruising in a bone. Most stress
fractures are caused by
overuse and repetitive
activities, and are common in
runners and athletes who
participate in running sports.
Examples of injuries
Abrasion Hamstring strain
Bruise Knee joint injuries
Concussion Nose injuries
Cut Sprain
Groin strain Stress fracture
14
Summary
Sprain (ligament)
Strain (muscle)
Dislocation
Wounds
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND JOINT
INJURIES
RICER Strategy
REST – Keep the injured area supported and avoid using it for 48 to 72 hours.
ICE – Apply ice to the injured area for 20 minutes every two hours for the first
48 to 72 hours.
COMPRESSION – Apply a firm elastic bandage over the injured area, extending
above and below it.
ELEVATION – Raise the injured area above the level of the heart at all times.
REFERRAL – See a doctor as soon as possible.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS, STRAINS, AND JOINT
INJURIES
No HARM Strategy
No Heat - Heat will increase bleeding.
No Alcohol - Alcohol increases bleeding and swelling.
No Running - Running or exercise increases blood flow
which delays healing.
No Massage - Massage increases swelling and bleeding and
also delays healing.
First Aid for Nosebleeds
1. Stop any activity.
2. Sit with your head leaning forward.
3. Pinch your nostrils and breathe through your mouth.
4. Hold your nose for at least 10 minutes.
5.If bleeding continues past 30 minutes, seek medical advice.
For Emergency Situations
Call an ambulance for
1. Prolonged loss of consciousness,
2. Neck or spine injuries,
3. Broken bones,
4. Injuries on the head or face,
5. Eye injuries, and
6. Abdominal injuries.
Treatment for Sports Injuries
• Treatment varies according to the type and severity of the injury.
• What may seem to be a common sprain may really be a fractured
bone, so seek a doctor.
• Returning to a sport after injury depends on your doctor’s or
physiotherapist’s evaluation and recommendation.
• The biggest single risk factor for soft tissue injury is a previous
injury.
Pain Relief
• Painkillers, such as paracetamol, can be used to help lessen the
pain.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as
ibuprofen can also be used to ease the pain and reduce any
swelling.
• Aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age.
Immobilization
 The reduction or elimination of motion of the body or a body part,
can help prevent further damage to the injured area.
 It can also help reduce pain, muscle swelling, and muscle spasm.
For examples, slings, splints, and casts or strict bed rest may be
advised to immobilize injured arms, shoulders, wrists, and legs
while they heal.
 However, prolonged immobilization is not usually necessary for
sprain. You should try to gently move the affected joint as soon as
you feel less pain.

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Common Injuries and First Aid Treatment

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Common

This is caused by repeated overuse

This is usually associated with a

It involves the rupture of

A mild reversible brain injury

A wound caused by a sharp

A tear or rupture to any one of

A strain or tear to the tendons

Affects the bones, cartilage,

A sudden or violent twist of a

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