Grammar

Lesson 5: Past simple, future simple, near future,

passive voice, relative clause, conditional clauses
Past simple
● I met my wife in 1983
● We swam a lot while we were on holiday.
● I lived abroad for ten years.

When do we use past simple?

What words or phrases do we usually use with past simple?
Past simple
Past simple
● something that happened once in the past
Example: I met my wife in 1983.

● something that happened several times in the past

Example: We swam a lot while we were on holiday.

● something that was true for some time in the past

Example: I lived abroad for ten years.

Sum up: The past simple is the most common way of talking about past events or
states which have finished.

Words and phrases: yesterday, ago, last week/ month/year, etc.

Past simple - Structure

● We invited them to our party.

● Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.

-> Positive: Subject + V-ed

( Note: there are irregular verbs such as go-> went, not goed)

● They didn't invite us to the party, so we didn't go.

● He didn't like bananas for a really long time. Now he loves them!

-> Negative: Subject + did not ( didn’t) + V (base form)

● Did you have time to do the shopping?

● Did she enjoy the concert?

-> Question: Did + subject + V ( base form) ?

Past simple vs Present simple
Present Perfect Simple Past Simple

Unfinished actions, states that started in the past and Finished actions, states:
continue to the present: ● I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved
● I've known Julie for ten years (and I still know away and we lost touch).
her).

A finished action in someone's life (when the person is A finished action in someone's life (when the person is
still alive, life experience): dead):
● My brother has been to Mexico three times. ● My great-grandmother went to Mexico three
times.

A finished action with a result in the present: A finished action with no result in the present:
● I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't get ● I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now
into my house now) there is no result. I got new keys yesterday)

With an unfinished time word (this week, this month, With a finished time word (last week, last month,
today): yesterday):
● I've seen John this week. ● I saw John last week.

The present perfect (something has happened): lt The past simple (something happened) tells us only
always tells us about the situation now. about the past.
Past simple - Exercise

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday.

1, She got up at 7 o’clock. 2, She ….. a big breakfast.

3, She …. 4, It …. to get to work
5, …. at 8.45 6, …… lunch
7, …. at 5 o’clock 8, …….. tired when ….. home
9, ……… a meal yesterday evening 10, …… out yesterday evening
11, ……… at 11 o’clock 12, ……… well last night
Past simple vs Present simple
Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash) the dishes yet?
Daughter: I (wash) the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) the time yet to do it today.
Mother: (you / do / already) your homework?
Daughter: No, I (come / just) home from school.
Mother: You (come) home from school two hours ago!
Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) when I (arrive) and I (finish / just) the phone call.
Mother: (you / see / not) Lucy at school in the morning?
Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) time to talk then.

Answer:
1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. Have you washed the dishes yet?
2. Daughter: I washed the dishes yesterday, but I have not had the time yet to do it today.
3. Mother: Have you already done your homework?
4. Daughter: No, I have just come home from school.
5. Mother: You came home from school two hours ago!
6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy called when I arrived and I have just finished the phone call.
7. Mother: Didn't you see Lucy at school in the morning?
8. Daughter: Yes, but we did not have time to talk then.
Ask your friends ….
Future simple - Will
● It looks as if Jake will lose his job.
● The factory will open in July.
● I know! I’ll ask for a pay rise tomorrow.
● I’ll help you with the advertising campaign.
● I promise you you won’t lose your job.
● Will you give a presentation on the sales figures?
● No, I won’t give a presentation on the sales figures.

When do we use future simple (will)?

Future simple
Predictions
● It looks as if Jake will lose his job. We often use will ('ll) with:
● probably: I'll probably be home late tonight.
Future facts ● (I'm) sure: Don't worry about the exam. I'm
● The factory will open in July. sure you’ll pass.
Decisions made at the moment of speaking ● (I) think: Do you think Sarah will like the
● I know! I’ll ask for a pay rise tomorrow. present we bought her?
Offers ● (I) don't think: I don't think the exam will be
● I’ll help you with the advertising campaign. very difficult.
● I wonder: I wonder what will happen.
Promises
● I promise you you won’t lose your job. After I hope, we generally use the present (will is
Requests also possible):
● Will you give a presentation on the sales - I hope Kate passes the exam. (or I hope
figures? Kate will pass .. . )
Refusals ( won’t ) - I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
● No, I won’t give a presentation on the sales
figures.
Future simple
For offers and suggestions in the question form. with I and we, we use shall not will.
● Shall I help you with the advertising campaign? (offer)
● Shall we discuss this in the morning? (suggestion)

For requests, we can also use would, could or can. Would and could are more polite than
can and will.
● Would/could/can you give a presentation on the sales figures?

For refusals, we can also use couldn’t or can’t. Couldn’t is more polite than won’t and
can’t.
● No, I couldn’t/can’t give a presentation on the sales figures.

Note:
Future simple - Structure
● She will buy a cake tomorrow.
● My family will travel in HCM City next week.

=> Positive: Subject + will (‘ll) + V-inf

● They won’t come your house tomorrow.

● I promise I won’t tell this anyone.

=> Negative: Subject + will not ( won’t) + V-inf

● Will you marry me? -> Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

● Shall we dance?

=> Question: Will/shall + Subject + V-inf

Future simple - Exercise
Complete the sentences with I'll+ a suitable verb.
1, I'm too tired to walk home. I think I’ll take a taxi.
2, “It's cold in this room.” - “Is it? .......... on the heating then.”
3, “Bye! Have a nice holiday!” - “Thanks ................. you a postcard.”
4, “Shall I do the washing-up?” - “No, it's all right ……...... it later.”
5, “I don't know how to shut down this computer.” - “OK, ……….... you.”

Answer: I will turn/ I will send / I will do / I will show

Future simple
Please ask your friends the following questions:

● How do you think you will change in the future?

● How will you change the world?
● After your children grow up what will you do?
● How will electronics be different?
● What will you do before you get married?
Near future (Be going to)
● She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up.
● It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)
● You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess!

When do we use “be going to”?

Near future (Be going to)
Intentions: We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions. Usually the
decision about the future plans has already been made.

● I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.

Predictions: We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to

happen or which we have evidence for now.

● Look out! He’s going to break that glass.

Commands: We use be going to when we give commands or state that something is

obligatory [parent to a child].

● You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess!
Will vs Be going to
WILL BE GOING TO

A decision at the moment of A decision before the moment

speaking: of speaking:

Julie: There's no milk. Julie: There's no milk.

John: Really? In that case, I'll John: I know. I'm going to go
go and get some. and get some when this TV
programme finishes.

A prediction based on opinion: A prediction based on

something we can see (or
I think the Conservatives will hear) now:
win the next election.
The Conservatives are going to
win the election. They already
have most of the votes.
Be going to - Structure
● I am going to take a Math exam this weekend.
● He is going to marry her next month.

=> Positive: Subject + am/is/are + going to + V-inf.

● I am not going to move.

● We are not going to be on vacation this summer because of the pandemic.

=> Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + V-inf.

● Is he going to travel around the world?

● Are they going to renovate their home?

=> Question: Is/am/are + subject + going to + V-inf?

Be going to vs Will
Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.
1 A: Why are you turning on the TV?
B I’m going to watch the news. (I/ watch)
2 A: Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money.
B: Haven't you? Well, don't worry …….. you some. (I/ lend)
3 A: I've got a headache.
B: Have you? Wait a second and …….. aspirin for you. ( I/get)
4 A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: ………..the car. ( I wash)
5 A: I've decided to repaint this room.
B: Oh, have you? What colour………. it. (you/ paint)
6 A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes,………. some things for dinner. (I buy)

Answer: I will lend/ I will get / I am going to wash/ are you going to paint/ I am going to buy
Be going to
Ask your partner this question:

What are you going to do this winter?

Then ask the following questions:

When are you going to ...?

Who is going to ... with you?
What are you going to ( do/ buy/ see)?
Where are you going to go …?
How are you going to get there?
Are you going to ... ?
Passive voice
Passive voice
● He was arrested. (obvious agent, the police)
● My bike has been stolen. (unknown agent)
=> When who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant or obvious or
'people in general'
● The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (We are more interested in the
painting than the artist in this sentence)
=> When we want to change the focus of the sentence
● The chemical is placed in a test tube and the data entered into the computer.
=>In formal writing, scientific writing
● Three books are used regularly in the class. The books were written by Dr. Bell. (“Dr. Bell
wrote the books” sound clumsy)
=> In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence to improve style
● I was surprised by how well the students did in the test. (More natural than “how well the
students did in the test surprised me”)
=> When the subject is very long
 Passive voice
Tense Active Passive

Present simple I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).

Subject + is/am/are + (not) + past participle
is/am/are + Subject + past participle?

Present continuous I am making a cake. A cake is being made (by me).

Subject + is/am/are +(not) + being + past participle
Is/am/are + Subject + being + past participle?

Past simple I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).

Subject + was/were + (not) + past participle
Was/were + Subject + past participle?

Present perfect I have made a cake. A cake has been made (by me).
Subject + has/have + (not) + been + past participle
Has/have + Subject + been + past participle?

Future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).
Subject + will + (not) + be+ past participle
Will + subject + be + past participle?
Passive voice
Some verbs can have two objects. For example, give:
● Somebody gave the police (object 1) the information (object 2). (= Somebody gave
the information to the police.)
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:
● The police were given the information./ The information was given to the police.
Other verbs which can have two objects are:
ask - offer - pay - show - teach - tell
When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person:

I've been offered the job, but I don't think I'll accept it. (= They have offered me the job)
You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= We will give you plenty of time)
I didn't see the original document but I was shown a copy. (= Somebody showed me)
Tim has an easy job - he's paid a lot of money to do very little. (= They pay him a lot)
 Passive voice
1, The Egyptian pyramids ___ thousands of years 4, My car ___ this week, so I'm going to work by bus.
ago. ● is being repaired
● are built ● is been repair
● been built ● is repairing
● were built 5, Not enough of our rubbish ___.
2, Your letter ___ within 28 days. ● recycles
● will be answer ● is recycled
● will be answered ● is recycle
● will answer 6, The fire service still ___ the fire.
3, Chocolate ___ for over 4,000 years. ● wasn't put out
● has been produce ● is put out
● is been produced ● haven't put out
● has been produced 7, The underground connection ___ when I moved into the
house.
Answer: C/B/C/A/B/C/B ● is still being built
● was still being built
● was still building
Passive voice competition
Make 5 - 6 sentences in active and passive voice and then ask the other team to change
them into active or passive voice :’)
 Relative clause

BEFORE WE START, LET’S WATCH A

VIDEO!
A. Relative clauses – Basic

• Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.

• This is the house which Jack built.
• Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium.

When do we use relative clauses?

How do we use relative clauses?
Relative pronouns
The relative pronouns are:

We use:
• who and whom for people
• which for things
• that for people or things
A. Relative clauses – Basic:
who, which, that
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker
means.

We use WHO and THAT for PEOPLE We use WHICH and THAT for THINGS

The woman is a doctor. She lives next door. The car is red. It was bought last week.
🡪 The woman who/ that lives next door is a 🡪 The car which/ that was bought last week is
doctor. red.
(Sometimes you must use WHO, not THAT, (Sometimes you must use WHICH, not THAT,
for people) for things)
• You must use WHO/ THAT/ WHICH when it is the subject of the relative clause. (Don’t say “The
woman lives next door is a doctor.”)
A. Relative clauses – Basic
• Sometimes WHO/ THAT/ WHICH is the object of the verb 🡪 You can leave it out.
E.g. The dress (that) Lisa bought doesn’t fit her very well.
(Lisa bought the dress. 🡪 Lisa is the subject, that (= the dress) is the object)

• Position of prepositions (in/ to/ for) in relative clauses:

E.g.
- Tom is talking to a woman – do you know her?
= Do you know the woman (who/ that) Tom is talking to?
- I slept in a bed last night – it wasn’t very comfortable.
= The bed (that/ which) I slept in last night wasn’t very comfortable.

• What = “the thing(s) that”

- What happened was my fault. = The thing that happened was my fault.
But:
- The machine that broke down is now working again. (NOT ”The machine what broke down”)
A. Relative clauses – Basic

Two types of relative clause

Defining relative clause Non-defining relative clause
• to make clear which person or thing we • to give extra information about a
are talking about person, thing or situation we already
know
E.g. The umbrella that I bought last week is E.g. My friend John, who went to the same
already broken. (You don’t know exactly school as me, has just written a best-selling
which umbrella it is) novel. (You know John)
• If omitted 🡪 the meaning of the • Can be omitted and do not affect the
sentence may be unclear meaning
• Do not use commas (,) • Use commas (,)
• You can use “that” • You can not use “that”
A. Relative clauses – Basic

Exercise 1. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ that/ which.
E.g. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
🡪 The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
a. A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient. 🡪 The ...
b. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt. 🡪 The ...
c. Some people were arrested. They have now been released. 🡪 The ...
d. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour. 🡪 The ...
e. A party was held at Katy’s house. It was extremely expensive. 🡪 The ...

Keys
a. The waitress who/ that served us was impolite and impatient.
b. The building which/ that was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.
c. The people who/ that were arrested have now been released.
d. The bus which/ that goes to the airport runs every half hour.
e. The party which/ that was held at Katy’s house was extremely expensive.
 A. Relative clauses – Basic

Exercise 2. What do you say in these situations? Complete each sentence with a relative clause.
E.g. Your friend lost some keys. You want to know if he has found them. You say:
Have you found the keys you lost?
a. A friend is wearing a dress. You like it. You tell her:
I like the dress ..........................................................
b. A friend is going to see a film. You want to know the name of the film. You say:
What’s the name of the film .................................................................
c. You wanted to visit a museum. It was shut when you got there. You tell a friend:
The museum .......................................................... was shut when we got there.
d. You invited some people to your party. Some of them couldn’t come. You tell someone:
Some of the people ......................................................... couldn’t come.
e. Your friend had to do some work. You want to know if she has finished. You say:
Have you finished the work .........................................................?
f. You rented a car. It broke down after a few miles. You tell a friend:
The car ............................................................ broke down after a few miles.
A. Relative clauses – Basic

Keys
a. (that/which) you are wearing b. (that/which) you are going to see
c. (that/which) I/we wanted to visit d. (who/whom/that) I/we invited to my/our party
e. (that/which) you had to do f. (that/which) I/we rented
B. Relative clauses – Intermediate: whose, whom,
where, when

• This is George, whose brother went to school with me.

• This is George, whom you met at our house last year.
• Stratford-upon-Avon is the town where Shakespeare was born.
• England won the World Cup in 1966. It was the year when we got married.

When do we use whose/ whom/ where/ when in relative clauses?

How do we use whose/ whom/ where/ when in relative clauses?
B. Relative clauses – Intermediate

• We use whose as the possessive form of who (instead of his/ her/ their)
E.g. We helped some people – their car had broken down.
🡪 We helped some people whose car had broken down.
• We use whom instead of who when it is the object of the verb or preposition (nowadays
we often use who/ that)
E.g. Gina is a person whom I admire very much. = Gina is a person who/ that I admire ...
I like the people with whom I work. = I like the people who/ that I work with.
• We use when and where to make it clear which time or place we are talking about
E.g. I remember my twentieth birthday. It was the day when the tsunami happened.
The restaurant where we had lunch was near the airport.
 B. Relative clauses – Intermediate

• Prepositions (to, with, about, without, etc.) + whom/ which

E.g. Luckily we had a good map, without which we would have got lost.
Mr.Lee, to whom I spoke at the meeting, is very interested in our proposal.
• All of/ most of/ none of/ some of/ both of/ etc. + whom/ which

E.g. Helen has three brothers. All of them are married.

🡪 Helen has three brothers, all of whom are married.

They asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.

🡪 They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
• the cause of which, the name of which, etc.

E.g. We stayed at a beautiful hotel, the name of which I can’t remember now.
• Which: Joe got the job. This surprised everyone.
B. Relative clauses – Intermediate

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence using who/ whom/ whose/ where.

E.g. What is the name of the man whose car you borrowed?

a. A cemetery is a place ............... people are buried.

b. A pacifist is a person ............... believes that all wars are wrong.
c. An orphan is a child ............... parents are dead.
d. What was the name of the person to ............... you spoke on the phone?
e. The place ............... we spent our holidays was really beautiful.
f. This school is only for children ............... first language is not English.
g. The woman with ............... he fell in love left him after a month.

Keys
a. where b. who c. whose d. whom
e. where f. whose g. whom
B. Relative clauses – Intermediate

Exercise 2. Read the situations and complete the sentences using where.
E.g. You grew up in a small town. You went back there recently. You tell someone this.
🡪 I recently went back to the small town where I grew up.
a. You are thirsty and you want a drink. You ask a friend where you can get some water.
Is there a shop near hear ..........................................................?
b. You work in a factory. The factory is going to close down next month. You tell a friend.
The ................................................................. is going to close down next month.
c. You wanted to visit a museum. It was shut when you got there. You tell a friend:
The museum .......................................................... was shut when we got there.
d. Sue is staying at a hotel. You want to know the name of the hotel. You ask a friend.
Do you know the name of .........................................................?
e. You play footbal in a park on Sundays. You show a friend the park. You say:
This is the .............................................................. on Sundays.
Keys: a. where I can get some water b. factory where I work
c. where I wanted to visit d. the hotel where Sue is staying
e. park where I/we play football
Reduced relative clauses

When do we use reduced relative clauses?

How do we use reduced relative clauses?
C. Reduced relative clauses

-ING CLAUSES -ED CLAUSES

• To say what sb/sth is/was doing at a particular time • Have a passive meaning (past participles)
E.g. Who were those people waiting outside? (they
were waiting) E.g. The boy injured in the accident was taken to
• To say what happens all the time hospital. (he was injured in the accident)
E.g. The road connecting the two villages is very The police never found the money stolen in the
narrow. (the road connects the two villages) robbery. (the money was stolen in the robbery)
We often use –ing and –ed clauses after there is/ there was/ etc.
E.g. There were some children swimming in the river.
There was a big red car parked outside the house.
Để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng này: Bỏ đại từ Để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng này: Bỏ đại từ
quan hệ 🡪 Bỏ trợ động từ to be (nếu có) 🡪 Chuyển quan hệ 🡪 Bỏ trợ động từ to be (nếu có) 🡪 Giữ nguyên
động từ chính thành V-ing động từ chính ở dạng V-ed/ V3 (past participle)
E.g. George showed me some pictures which were
E.g. The girl who is sitting next to you is my sister. painted by his father.
= The girl sitting next to you is my sister. = George showed me some pictures painted by his
father.
C. Reduced relative clauses

Exercise 1. Make one sentence from two. Complete the sentences with an -ing clause.
C. Reduced relative clauses

Keys
2. the man sitting next to me on the plane 3. taxi taking us to the airport
4. path leading to the river 5. factory employing 500 people
6. a brochure containing the information I needed
 C. Reduced relative clauses

Exercise 1. Make one sentence from two. Complete the sentences with an -ed clause.

Keys
2. damaged in the storm 3. suggestions made at the meeting
C. Reduced relative clauses

Exercise 3.
a. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct
form: invite, live, offer, ring, call.
 C. Reduced relative clauses

b. Use the words in brackets to make sentences using There is/ There was/ etc.
C. Reduced relative clauses

Keys
a.
3. living
4. offering
5. called

b.
3. There’s somebody coming.
4. There were a lot of people travelling.
5. There was nobody else staying there.
Conditional
1, Zero conditional : If + present simple, present simple
● If you add two and two, you get four.
=> General truths and general habits, definitions
2, First conditional : If + present simple, will + infinitive
● If it rains later, we'll stay at home.
=> Real conditions in the present or future, and their results is in the present or in the
future
● If the people from Greenpeace call, tell them I’ll call them back later.
=>To give conditional instructions
3, Second conditional : If +past simple, would + infinitive
● If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.
=> Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future
4, Third conditional: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
● If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
=> Things that didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results
Conditional
Conditional
Choose the correct conditional type and change the verbs in brackets.

1. If we meet at 9:30, we … (to have) plenty of time.

2. Lisa would find the milk if she … (to look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she … (to feed) the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates … (to understand) you.
5. Dan … (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6. You … (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you … (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.

Answer: will have/ looked/ had fed/ would understand/ would arrive/ would have had/
swim
Mixed conditional
Mixed conditional
Sometimes unreal conditional sentences are mixed.
1, Past and Present
If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
(But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.)

2, Past and Future

If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
(But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.)

3, Present and Past

If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
(But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.)
Mixed conditional
4, Present and Future
If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the
new advertising campaign.
(But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the
new campaign.)

5, Future and Past

If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to
that nice Italian restaurant.
(But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we
go to that nice Italian restaurant.)

6, Future and Present

If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.
(But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.)
Mixed Conditional
Complete the following mixed conditional sentences

1, If I hadn’t fought for our relationship, we … (to be) together now.

2, I would be happier if I … (to say) “yes” when she asked me to marry her.
3, If you weren’t such a jerk, they … ( to invite) you to yesterday’s party.
4, If you … (to take) a map, as I told you, we wouldn’t be lost now.
5, If I didn’t love you, I … (to marry) you last year.
6, If I had more time, I … (to call) you last night.

Answer: wouldn’t be/ had said/ would have invited/ had taken/ wouldn’t have married/
would have called
Conditional
Translation test ( Past simple)
Please translate following sentences to English:
1, Phil đã hạ cánh ở Anh năm ngoái.
2, Anh hạ gục Tây Ban Nha vào trận đấu tối qua.
3, Vào ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 1969, Neil Armstrong đã trở thành người đầu tiên đặt chân
lên mặt trăng.
4, Chúng tôi thua trận tuần trước 3 điểm.
5, Dịch cúm Tây Ban Nha đã lây lan trên gần khắp trái đất vào mùa thu năm 1918, bao
gồm cả Bắc Cực.

Answer:
1, Phil landed in England last year.
2, England defeated Spain in the match last night.
3, On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human to step on the moon.
4, We lost the match last week by three points.
5, The Spanish flu spread almost everywhere on Earth in the fall of 1918, including the Arctic.
Translation test ( will / be going to)
1, Tôi nghĩ Al Pacino sẽ đoạt giải diễn viên nam xuất sắc nhất.
2, Đức vừa mới ghi bàn, Anh sẽ lại thua.
3, Tôi đụng xe công ty tôi. Sếp chắc sẽ không vui lắm đâu!
4, Tôi nghĩ tôi muốn để lại phần nhà của mình cho vợ tôi trong suốt phần đời còn lại của
cô ấy, và sau đó nó sẽ chuyển cho con gái yêu quý của tôi.

Answer:
1, Al Pacino will win the award for Best Actor.
2, Germany have just scored. England are going to lose again.
3, I crashed the company car. My boss isn't going to be very happy!
4, I think I want to leave my share of my house to my wife for the rest of her life, and then
it will pass to my beloved daughter.
Translation test ( Passive voice)
1, Ngày tưởng nhớ và Ngày Cựu chiến binh được tổ chức vào ngày 11 của Tháng 11
hàng năm.
2, Tôi hy vọng rằng sự thật sẽ được tìm ra sớm.
3, - Công ty có chạy thử thiết bị hôm qua không?
- Có, nó đã được chạy thử.
4, Các cuộc thi thể thao mà sẽ được tổ chức vào Chủ nhật sẽ được rất nhiều người đến
xem.

Answers:
1, The Remembrance Day and the Veteran’s Day are celebrated on the 11th of
November every year.
2, I hope that the truth will be found out very soon.
3, - Did the company test the equipment yesterday?
- Yes, it was tested.
4, The sports competitions which will be held on Sunday will be visited by a lot of people.
 Translation test ( Conditionals)
1, Chúng tôi có thể đã chi nhiều hơn cho các chuyến đi chơi và quà lưu niệm nếu chúng tôi đã
chọn một khách sạn rẻ hơn.
2, Nếu bạn đã nhờ tôi gợi ý trước khi bạn rời đi, tôi đã giới thiệu cho bạn một số nhà hàng tốt
quanh đây.
3, Tôi chắc rằng chúng tôi sẽ có quan hệ tốt hơn với người quản lý nếu cô ấy không đối xử với
chúng tôi một cách thiếu tôn trọng như vậy.
4, Nếu bất kỳ ai trả với tờ tiền năm nghìn lira, vui lòng đưa nó lên trước ánh sáng để kiểm tra
xem nó có phải là giả mạo không.

Answers:
1, We could have spent more on outgoings and souvenirs if we had chosen a cheaper hotel.
2, If you had asked me for suggestions before you left, I would have recommended you some nice
restaurants around here.
3, I'm sure we would be on better terms with the manager if she didn't treat us so disrespectfully all
the time.
4, If anyone pays with a five thousand lira note, please hold it up to the light to check if it’s a forgery.
Sum up