Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP)

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLE (FCP)
Addition Rule for Counting Principle
• Suppose Leo wants to choose a new t-shirt from 4 different red t-
shirts, 5 different green t-shirts and 7 different blue t-shirts. What is
the total number of choices that he has?
• John is going to buy a house in a new estate. He can choose a house
in Block A, Block B and Block C where there are 120, 80 and 250
houses available respectively. How many choices does John have?
• In an international school, Mr. Santos wants to choose a student who
can speak Chinese or Japanese to participate in the speech
competition. Suppose 145 students can speak Chinese, 231 students
can speak Japanese and 50 students can speak both Chinese and
Japanese. How many choices does Mr. Santos have?
TREE diagram.
2 coins are tossed. How many possibilities are there?
Th
e li
po st of
#1.) Two six-sided dice are rolled, how many possible outcomes are there?
ou ssib all
cal tcom le
led
SA es is
SPA MP
CE L E
#2:A family has 4 children. Draw a tree diagram to
show the possible genders of the children
#3: Star Café offers the following choices: hamburger sandwich, chicken sandwich
and egg sandwich. Beverage is limited to juice and coffee. Suppose you choose a
sandwich and a drink. How many possible outcomes are there?
The fundamental counting principle states that if there are p
ways to do one thing, and q ways to do another thing, then there
are p × q ways to do both things.
#4: Five cards are drawn from a deck of cards. Three are black
and two are red.
a.) How many possibilities are there?
b.) If exactly one of the red cards is a face card, how many
possibilities are there?
#5: A special plate number is made up of three letters of the English
alphabet followed by two digit numbers. How many plate numbers
are possible if:
a.) the letters and digits can be repeated in the same plate number?
b.) the letters and digits cannot be repeated in the same plate
number?
Whiteboard. Use the code:
In how many ways can five black cars and four different
red cars be parked next to each other in a line if a black
car has to be in the first stall on the left and the red car
has to be in the last stall on the right?
BREAK OUT!
• Using the letters from the word EQUATION. Determine the following
number of arrangements if:
• a.) all the letters are used
• b.) four of the letters are used
• c.) six letters are used and the word must begin with Q
• d.) five letters are used and a vowel must be the first letter and a
consonant as the last letter.
• e.) three letters are used and they must be made up of all consonants
or all vowels
SEATWORK
• 1.) A convenience store offers the following choices for their snacks.
Suppose you choose a sandwich and a drink. How many possible
outcomes are there? Sandwich Beverage
hotdog Root beer
Corned beef Cola
hamburger Juice
Chicken
• 2.) Draw a tree diagram for choosing a cellphone that comes in black,
white or transparent that is 4G or 5G.
• 3.) Five cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. Two are face
cards and the rest are number cards. How many possibilities are there?
PERMUTATION
The arrangement of objects or events in which order is important
If there are 6 people and there are 4 chairs, in how
many ways can these people seat in these chairs?
Mrs. LEBA uses the four letters of her surname L, E, B and A in order to assign
computer log in passwords to her 20 students. Each letter appears only once in a
password. How many passwords can be made from her surname?

1.) How many ways can you arrange 5 books
in a shelf?
2.) In a 50 person marathon race, how many
ways can you award gold, silver and bronze?
3.) How many ways can you arrange all the
letters in the word “MATH”?
4.) How many ways can you arrange 2 of the
letters in the word “MATH”?
Drill: 8 runners are running in a race, How many
ways can a gold, silver, bronze be awarded?
Try This!
• 1.) Find the number of ways of arranging 5 dogs in a row.
• 2.) In how many ways can 8 customers line up in a bank?
• 3.) Jack has 11 different story books. He wants to
arrange them in a row in his new bookshelves. In how
many ways can he do this?
• 4.) Tommy has 8 different toy guns. If he wants to display
5 of them in a row in his bedroom, in how many ways
can he do this?
COMBINATION
An arrangement wherein order is not important
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
In how many ways can you arrange two of the letters in

“SET”?
#1: How many ways can you pick two co-
captains on a team of 20?
#2: 20 Basketball players from teams of 5players. Each player
can play any position. How many teams of 5 can be formed?
#3: In a party with 30 people, if each person shake hands with
every person. How many total hand shakes take place?
#4:if a board has 10 women and 7 men, how many ways can you form a
committee containing 4 members such that: (a) all four are men (b) 2
are men and 2 are women (c) at least 1 is a woman
TRY THIS!
1.)There are 11 members of Parent-Teacher Association comprising 7
parents and 4 teachers. A sub-committee of 5 members is selected to
prepare for the annual meeting.
• A.) In how many ways can a sub committee be formed?
• B.) If a sub committee must include 2 parents and 3 teachers, what is
the number of ways of forming it?
2.) A fast food restaurant offers 7 different foods so that customers can
choose 1,2 or 3 kinds of food without repetition as a set lunch. How
many different combinations of set lunch can the customers choose?
BREAK OUT!!
• How many ways are there of being dealt a 5 card hand out of
standard 52 card deck if:
• A.) all are diamonds
• B.) contains exactly 1 face card
• C.) No queens
• D.) All are hearts or all are spades
• E.) At most 1 flower

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FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING

In how many ways can you arrange two of the letters in

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