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    4 Cell Division

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    Abhinav Anand
    The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It explains that cell division allows a single-celled zygote to develop into a multicellular organism through countless cell divisions. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and mitosis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells while meiosis results in four haploid cells through two cell divisions.

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    4 Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Abhinav Anand
    8 views24 pages
    The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It explains that cell division allows a single-celled zygote to develop into a multicellular organism through countless cell divisions. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and mitosis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells while meiosis results in four haploid cells through two cell divisions.

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    Ppt 4 Cell Division

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    The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It explains that cell division allows a single-celled zygote to develop into a multicellular organism through countless cell divisions. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and mitosis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells while meiosis results in four haploid cells through two cell divisions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views24 pages

    4 Cell Division

    Uploaded by

    Abhinav Anand
    The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It explains that cell division allows a single-celled zygote to develop into a multicellular organism through countless cell divisions. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and mitosis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells while meiosis results in four haploid cells through two cell divisions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    CELL DIVISION

    • All living organisms of the biological world start life as one


    cell, i.e., unicellular zygote, the product of the union of
    gametes—a sperm and an egg.
    • Of course, unicellular organisms live their entire lives as
    one cell. But in a multicellular organism, the unicellular
    zygote undergoes countless divisions and produces many
    cells.
    • These cells ultimately build the organism to a level of
    cellular complexity and organisation. The process by which
    any cell produces its own replica is known as cell division.
    CELL CYCLE
    • Most cells divide one or more times during
    their life time. When they do, they pass
    through an ordered sequence of events that
    collectively forms the cell cycle.
    • The shortest cell cycle occurs in early embryo
    and can last as little as 8 minutes. The cell
    cycle of growing eukaryotic cell lasts from 90
    minutes to more than 24 hours.
    CELL CYCLE
    • The cell cycle of the eukaryotic cell is divided
    into two fundamental parts:
    • i. Interphase, and
    • ii. Mitosis (including Cytokinesis)
    • Interphase is the period of non-apparent
    division whereas mitosis is the period of divi­
    sion.
    CELL CYCLE
    CELL CYCLE
    • There are three stages of interphase: G1 (first gap),
    S (synthesis of new DNA ), and G2 (second gap).
    • Cells spend most of their lives in interphase,
    specifically in the S phase where genetic material
    must be copied.
    • The cell grows and carries out biochemical
    functions, such as protein synthesis, in the
    G1 phase.
    CELL CYCLE
    • During the S phase, DNA is duplicated into two
    sister chromatids, and centrosomes, which
    give rise to the mitotic spindle, are also
    replicated.
    • In the G2 phase, energy is replenished, new
    proteins are synthesized, and additional
    growth occurs.
    CELL DIVISION

    Cell division is the process by which a parent cell


    divides into two or more daughter cells.
    It is of two type:
    1. Mitosis- Division take place in somatic cells

    2. Meiosis- Division take place in reproductive cell


    Mitosis
    A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each
    having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the
    parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. It is also
    known as equational division.Phases of Mitosis
    – Prophase
    – Metaphase
    – Anaphase

    – Telophase
    Mitosis
    • Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles
    located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near
    the nuclear envelope.
    • The centrioles are found in pairs and move
    towards the poles (opposite ends) of the
    nucleus when it is time for cell division. During
    division, you may also see groups of threads
    attached to the centrioles. Those threads are
    called the mitotic spindle.
    Mitosis
    • The spindle is necessary to equally divide the
    chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter
    cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis
    and meiosis. During mitosis, the spindle fibers are
    called the mitotic spindle.
    • The kinetochore is a complex structure that specifies
    the attachments between the chromosomes and
    microtubules of the spindle and is thus essential for
    accurate chromosome segregation..
    Meiosis
    Meiosis is a double division which occurs in a diploid
    cell and give rise to four haploid cells each having half
    the number of chromosomes as compared to the parent
    cells. It is also known as reductional division.
    Two divisions:
    – Meiosis I and
    – Meiosis II
    Meiosis I

    Meiosis I is a reduction division

    Four phases
    – Prophase I
    – Metaphase I
    – Anaphase I
    – Telophase I
    • The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein
    structure that forms between homologous
    chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids)
    during meiosis and is thought to mediate
    synapsis and recombination during meiosis I in
    eukaryotes.
    Meiosis II

    Meiosis II is a equational division

    Four phases:
    – Prophase II
    – Metaphase II
    – Anaphase II
    – Telophase II

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