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    Parallel Lines Proof

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    Joel Camino
    This document discusses several theorems and properties of geometry including: 1. Given a line l and point P not on l, there exists a unique line through P parallel to l. 2. For any triangle, the sum of the interior angles is 180 degrees. 3. For any quadrilateral, the sum of the interior angles is 360 degrees. 4. If two pairs of corresponding angles of two triangles are congruent, then the triangles are congruent (SAS theorem).

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Parallel Lines Proof

    Uploaded by

    Joel Camino
    20 views31 pages
    This document discusses several theorems and properties of geometry including: 1. Given a line l and point P not on l, there exists a unique line through P parallel to l. 2. For any triangle, the sum of the interior angles is 180 degrees. 3. For any quadrilateral, the sum of the interior angles is 360 degrees. 4. If two pairs of corresponding angles of two triangles are congruent, then the triangles are congruent (SAS theorem).

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    MATH III

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    This document discusses several theorems and properties of geometry including: 1. Given a line l and point P not on l, there exists a unique line through P parallel to l. 2. For any triangle, the sum of the interior angles is 180 degrees. 3. For any quadrilateral, the sum of the interior angles is 360 degrees. 4. If two pairs of corresponding angles of two triangles are congruent, then the triangles are congruent (SAS theorem).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    20 views31 pages

    Parallel Lines Proof

    Uploaded by

    Joel Camino
    This document discusses several theorems and properties of geometry including: 1. Given a line l and point P not on l, there exists a unique line through P parallel to l. 2. For any triangle, the sum of the interior angles is 180 degrees. 3. For any quadrilateral, the sum of the interior angles is 360 degrees. 4. If two pairs of corresponding angles of two triangles are congruent, then the triangles are congruent (SAS theorem).

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    Chapter 2

    EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS

    One of the basic axioms of Euclidean


    geometry says that two points
    .determine a unique line
    This implies that two distinct lines cannot
    intersect in two or more points, they
    can either intersect in only one point or
    .not at all

    Two lines that don’t intersect are


    .called parallel
    PROBLEM
    l
    Given a line l and a point P not on ‚
    . construct a line through P and parallel lto
    L
    let A be any point on l, and draw AP
    Then draw a line PQ so that
    QPA  PAB as shown in the figure.
    .This will be the desired line
    The proof will be by contradiction
    If PQand l are not parallel, we may assume
    without loss of generality that they intersect
    .as in the figure on the side of B at the point C

    Now consider PAC . the exterior angle APQ is


    equal to the interior angle PAC . But this
    contradicts the exterior angle theorem, which
    . QPAstates that
     PAC
    HencePQ must be parallel tol
    I
    , Given a linel and a point P not on l
    there exists a line that contains P
    l
    . and is parallel to
    COROLLARY
    Given lines ABand PQ
    ,as in the figure

    if QPA  PABthen AB
    is parallel ,
    to PQ.
    THE PARALLEL POSTULATE
    . l If l
    is any line and P is a point not on
    then there is no more than one line through P
    . parallel tol
    THEOREM
    Let ABand PQbe parallel lines with
    transversal AP such that QPA PAB
    and
    .are opposite interior angles
    Then QPA  . PAB
    The proof will be by contradiction.
    If the theorem
    was false and if QPA  PAB , then we could
    onstruct a distinct line PQthrough P such that
    APQ  PAB
    . Since 
    APQand PAB
    ,are opposite interior angles their congruence
    implies that PQ AB
    .
    But this is now a contradiction of the parallel
    postulate :

    PQand PQare two different lines , each goes


    through P and each is parallel to AB
    .
    This contradiction comes about because

    APQ that
    we assumed PAB .
    .So these angles must be congruent
    THEOREM

    Let ABC be any triangle. then

    A  B  C  180 .
    Proof
    Let PAQ be the line through A parallel to BC
    such that B and BAP are opposite interior
    angles andC andCAQ are opposite
    .interior angles, as in figure so B  BAP
    and C  CAQ
    . Hence
    A  B  C  A  BAP  CAQ
    .180=
    Since A , BAP and CAQ all together
    .make a straight line
    Let ABCD be any quadrilateral. then

    A  B  C  D  360
    We draw the diagonal AC thus breaking the
    .quadrilateral into two triangles Note that
    A  B  C  D 
    CAB  CAD  B  ACB  ACD  D 

    (ACD  D  DAC )
    +
    (CAB  B  BCA).
    The first sum of the last expression represents
    he sum of the angles of ACD
    and the second sum represents the sum of the
    angles of CAB
    . ,Hence
    .each is 180 and together they add up to 360
    COROLLARY(SAA)
    ABC and DEFassume that
    In
    A  D, B  Eand BC  EF
    .
    then ABC  DEF
    .
    Given a quadrilateral ABCD, the following
    :are equivalent
    1. AB CDand AD BC .
    2. AB  CD and AD  BC.
    .The diagonals bisect each other.3
    LEMMA

    l l
    . Let be a line. P a point not on

    And A and B distinct points on lsuch that


    PAis perpendicular to .l Then PA  PB
    .
    L
    THEOREM
    Let l1 and l2 be parallel lines and let P and Q
    Be points on l2 l
    Then the distance from P
    to 1
    equals the distance from Q to l2
    Proof
    Draw lines from P and from Q perpendicular
    to l, 1 Meeting l1 .at B and at C , respectively
    Since PBC  90and QCB  90
    ,
    . , these angles are congruent
    Moreover
    QBC is congruent to the supplement ofPBC
    .
    l1
    l2
    So PB QC .By opposite interior angles

    , Similarly PQ BC. Therefore PBCQ


    must be a parallelogram, since opposite
    sides are Parallel . Hence

    PB  QC
    .as claimed ,

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