Fruits Produced

in the Philippines
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 Fruits can be grown in any part of the Philippines, but certain
fruits are better grown in some regions than others. The science
of fruit cultivation is called pomology.
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 Importance of Soil, and Climate to Plant
Growth.
Geographic and climatic conditions influence the choice of an orchard for fruit trees. There are several

points to consider in choosing the site of the orchard.

Type of soil – this is an important consideration in locating a prospecting orchard.

Climatic Conditions – climate is affected by a number of geographic factors where the trees are exposed

to sunlight, rainfall, and temperature.

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 Methods of Plant
Propagation
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 Plant propagation is the process of multiplying or increasing the
number of plants of the same species, at the same time
perpetuating their desirable characteristics.
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 Importance of Plant Propagation
1. To retain the desirable characteristics of the mother plants.
2. To increase the number of plants rapidly.
3. To shorten the bearing age of plants especially of fruit trees.
4. To prevent species from being lost and extinct.
5. To produce superior strains and disease-resistant plants best suited to a given
climate and soil.
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 Methods of Propagation
A. Sexual Propagation – this is the process of reproducing and a. Cuttage – it is the process of propagating plants from
multiplying plants using seeds and spores. its several parts.
● Tuber cuttings – are thickened portions of either the
B. Asexual Propagation leaf or the stem.
● Roots and root stock cuttings – many plants can be
multiplied with ease by means of short cuttings of the
1. Natural or Vegetative Propagation – it is the process of
roots.
multiplying plants by means of growing parts of the plant, like
the roots, stems, and leaves, to increase the number of plants of
the same kind. b. Marcotting – this is the process of inducing a branch or
a stem to root while still attached to the mother plant.
c. Grafting – this is a method of plant propagation in
2. Artificial Propagation – the process of multiplying plants by
which the desirable scion (top portion) is joined with or
the use of parts and buds of selected mother plants.
inserted into the root stock for them to unite and grow into
one plant.
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 Methods of Propagation
A. Sexual Propagation – this is the process of reproducing and a. Cuttage – it is the process of propagating plants from
multiplying plants using seeds and spores. its several parts.
● Tuber cuttings – are thickened portions of either the
B. Asexual Propagation leaf or the stem.
● Roots and root stock cuttings – many plants can be
multiplied with ease by means of short cuttings of the
1. Natural or Vegetative Propagation – it is the process of
roots.
multiplying plants by means of growing parts of the plant, like
the roots, stems, and leaves, to increase the number of plants of
the same kind. b. Marcotting – this is the process of inducing a branch or
a stem to root while still attached to the mother plant.
c. Grafting – this is a method of plant propagation in
2. Artificial Propagation – the process of multiplying plants by
which the desirable scion (top portion) is joined with or
the use of parts and buds of selected mother plants.
inserted into the root stock for them to unite and grow into
one plant.
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 Methods of Propagation
There are several reasons why grafting is considered important: Classification of Grafting
Grafting may be classified into cleft, side, whip, and
1. To introduce new varieties of plants formed from two different
tounge, saddle, bark, and crown grafting.
plant varieties, which possess the excellent qualities of both In cleft grafting, the stock about the size of a pencil is cut
varieties; off squarely and split, then inserted into a wedge-shaped
scion.
2. To maintain a good variety of plants by transferring their
vegetative parts to the growing limbs of the stocks, produced from Whip or Tounge Grafting
seed; and lastly, This method of grafting use used for plants too small to
be cleft grafted.

3. To repair fruit trees damaged by adverse weather conditions or

d. Inarching – this is a method of propagating plants in
injured by pest and diseases.
which the scion is made to unite with the rootstock while
they are growing independently on their own systems
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(roots).
 Methods of Propagation
e. Budding – the nurserymen use budding extensively in their fruit trees, more than any other methods of propagation.

Important Reasons for Using Budding

it is the surest way of maintaining the desirable characteristics of the parent plant or a given variety of fruit trees.
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 Proper Methods of
Germinating Seeds
of Fruit Trees
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 Many varieties of fruits are still propagated from seeds. Fruit seeds can either be sown directly in the field or planted in
a seedbed until the seedlings have grown three or more leaves. Then they can be transferred to the final site by
transplanting in individual containers or in thick black plastic bags. Remember that fruits such as mango, santol,
avocado, citrus, and chico started from seeds.
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 Selection of
Planting Materials
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 The success of planting fruit trees depends on the quality of planting materials used. One can expect good quality fruits
every year if proper attention is given to the proper selection of planting materials. Successful orchards begin with the
selection of varieties that best match the condition of the place.
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 Factors to Consider in Selecting Plants to
Grow
1. Age – young plants are usually the best.
2. Size of the Plants – good grade, medium to large trees are ideal and provide better flexibility
in training the trees.
3. Freedom from Diseases
4. Variety – it influences the yield, the market acceptance, and the price of the product.
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 Citrus Fruits
Production
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 Citrus pulp is used as major ingredient in beverages, syrups, concentrates, and purees. The peel can be also be made
into jams, marmalade and assorted candies. Filipinos can have a year round supply of calamansi, also known as citrus
fruit, by growing the plant right in their front yards or backyards or even in big plant boxes.
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 Soil and Climate
Requirements
It is easy to cultivate calamansi. This plant grows well in cool and elevated areas and in sandy soil rich in

organic matter. Over-drainage is not suitable for cultivation of citrus because it cannot tolerate too much

moisture. Although this plant is planted throughout rhe Philippines, Mindanao has a distinct market advantage

over Luzon or visayas, as it can grow calamansi even during the dry months from February to may. As in

Luzon, southern tagalog is also known as the country’s major calamansi producing region.
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 Propagation
Calamansi can be propagated by seeds but it is much better to grow this plant using
it vegetative parts.
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 Planting and
Spacing
It is best to start the planting materials at the start of rainy
season. Dig a hole at least 20 cm. wide and 40 cm. deep. Set the
seedling into the hole and put back the dug soil mixed with
compost. Water the plant daily at least every morning. Plant the
calamansi tree five meters between plants.
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 Fertilizatio
n
It is best to apply 50 grams to 100 grams of ammonium sulfate
or urea around each tree one after planting to produce big and
luscious fruits. Continue applying fertilizer every four month.
However, on the second year, increase the amount of fertilizer
to 200 grams and be sure to use the same kind of fertilizer. The
tree starts to bear fruit on the fourth year but budded plants
bear fruits earlier. Applying fertilizer during the rainy season
or before flowering stage; next, two months after flowering
and last after harvesting. Apply the fertilizer properly and mix
it with the soil.
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 Varieties of
1.
Citrus
Lemon – it is grown primarily for its acidic juice.

2. Lime – this is known locally as dayap.

3. Sweet Orange – locally known as dalandan or kahel, it originated in china.

4. Pomelo – locally it is known as suha.

5. Mandarin – this variety originated from china.

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 Pest and Diseases and Their
It is always best to protect the plants from pests to attain

Control
maximum yield. Gummosis is caused by lack or excess of fertilizer or
damaged from insect pests.
When there are zigzag marks, cut and rugged edges on the
bark, it indicates that the tree is infested with citrus bark Citrus canker is a disease caused by bacteria.
borers.\ to control the canker, spray the trees with fungicide solutions.

Citrus scab, on the other hand is caused by fungi.

To control the citrus bark borers, spray the tree with pesticides.
to control citrus scab, spray with copper fungicide solution
Other harmful pests of calamansi are the purple scale and following the manufacturer’s recommended formula.
Glover’s scale.

Calamansi is also prone to diseases such as gummosis, citrus

cranker, and citrus scrab.
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 Harvesting and Marketing
Calamansi trees start to bear fruits one or two years after planting. To harvest, pick the fruits
either by hand or by using a pair of scissors. Take extra care to prevent damage to the branches or
to the leaves. To keep the fruit fresh, leave a portion of the stem attached to fruit and avoid injury
to the skin when harvesting.

Calamansi has a growing export demand for its processed forms such as juice, concentrate, and
dried pulp.
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 Methods of Planting
Fruit Trees
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 Planting System or Methods of Planting Fruit
Trees
1. The square system of planting consists of setting a tree on each corner and distanced apart.

2. The quincunx or the diagonal system makes us of a square with an additional tree in the center.

3. The hexagonal or triangular system of planting.

4. The contour or terrace system of planting is largely applied on the hillside.

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 Controlling Insect
Pests and Diseases
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 Insect Pests
1. Chewing insects – they are provided with hard, horny jaws and mandibles with which they bite off and swallow
portions of stems, leaves, fruits, and buds.

2. Sucking insects – plant lice and other tree bugs have beaks containing four bristles united into a slender tube used
for sucking out plant juice.

3. Lapping insects – these insects possess mouth part which permit them to lap or lick up liquids from the outer
surface of the object on which they feed.
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 Fruit Diseases
1. Fungus disease – results in very small imperfect plants. Most of them bear very many minute very spores similar to
seeds that propagate the plant. Control fungus diseases by spraying or dusting with fungicide that will either
prevent germination of the spores or kill the germ before it enters the tissue of the host plant.

2. Bacterial diseases – parasites or harmful insects produce the true blights. Hey kill and/or wither the growth of
plants.
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 Correct Measures for Pest Control
1. Varietals Resistance - develop resistance cultivars through proper selection. Use varieties of trees that are
resistant to major pests common in your locality. Plant seeds from resistant plants in field that survive the
onslaught of the disease.

2. Cultural Methods – one of the most practical approaches to pest management is good cultural management,
specifically sanitation. Sanitation is aimed at reducing the exposure of plants to infection.
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 1.
Common Sanitation Practices Employed for Fruit
Removal of diseased plants and pruning of all diseased and weak branches of trees.\

Trees
2. Thinning out of plants such as pruning of trimming.

3. Removal of all the fruits left in the field after harvest as these may serve as carriers of pest and pathogens for the succeeding fruits.

4. After the weeds have germinated, plowing, and harrowing the fields should be done before planting.

5. Shallow cultivation or cutting of the weeds should be done during the growth of the plants to prevent seed production and induce starvation of weed
roots.

6. Crop rotation.

7. Use mulch to minimize the growth of competitive weeds. 8. Practice proper drainage, fertilization, irrigation and cultivation.
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 Physical Methods of Controlling
Pests
1.
2.
Burning the weeds or smoking to control insect attacks especially on fruit trees.
Use of physical irritants such as statues (scarecrows) and sound waves for bats and birds.
3. Use of physical barriers such as nets, fences, and borders.
4. Handpicking can be used to limit the attack especially when the first few insects are detected
at once.
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 Chemical Methods Used in Controlling Pests and Diseases

1. Seed treatment with chemicals

2. Fugmigation of soil, warehouses
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3. Chemical control of insect victors of pathogens.

 Harvesting, Storing, and
Marketing Procedures
and Techniques
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 When it comes to harvesting, time is of utmost importance in managing
perishable crops. Securing the quality and avoiding loss demand
promptness. The prices of fruits depend on their quality and appearance
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after harvesting.
 Pointers to be Considered During and After Harvesting of
Fruits.

1. Harvest green fruits when they have reached their maturity and full size.

2. Handle the fruits very carefully while in the field and when packaging.

3. Gather fruits in the morning.

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 Storing and Packaging
Immediately after harvest, sort out fruits according to size and appearance.

If fruits are intended for export, they are further graded and fugmigated before they are packed and stored in the right
temperature.
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Newly picked mature green fruits such as mangoes, papayas, ect.

 Marketing
There are several marketing schemes that exist in the Philippines. In the case of mangoes,
one form of marketing is to sell newly flowered plants to contractors, wholesalers, bidders
or marketing agents. In this type of transaction, the contractor shoulders all expenses and
assumes all the risk until the fruits are harvested.
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 Opportunities
of Propagating
Plants
1. School – putting up a scool nursery or school garden.

2. Home – occupation for unemployed family members

3. Community – prevent soil erosion

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Thank
you!
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