1-Introduction To Politics

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Learning Objectives:
AT THE END OF THIS LESSON, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
• ABLE TO DEFINE AND UNDERSAND WAHAT

IS POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE.
• KNOW THE CONCEPTS, RELATIONSHIPS,
IMPORTANCE AND ORIGINS OF POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
• UNDERSTAND THE POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE IN REAL LIFE..
Introduction: The Concepts of
POLITICS and
GOVERNANCE
P O L I T I C S
P OL I T I C S
ORIGIN OF P OLI T I C S
• POLIS – city-state
• POLITES – citizens
• POLITIKOS –
government
officials
(Zaide, 1983
P OLI T I C S
It is derived from the Greek
word POLIS which means
“city-state”, a small
independent self-contained
political society
P OLI T I C S
• “the heart of Political

Science
P OLI T I C S
• “the heart of Political
Science
• It is the activity of people
where they create,
preserve and amend laws
under which they live
P OLI T I C S as the art of the
government
• Politics is what defines the activities of
the government and of the state. All
government officials and all those
working in government are
participating in politics.
P OLI T I C S As public affair
• Politics is played by everybody,

politicians or not.
• In politics, Aristotle said that “ man by
nature is political animal;” this means
that it is only within a political
community that human beings can live
the good life
• Thus, politics becomes necessary to create
a just society.
as compromise and
P OLI T I C S consensus
• Politics is meant to resolve conflict

• In politics, compromise, conciliation
and negotiation become necessary
• It is through this means that issues
and problems are being resolved.
• Thus, politics becomes the process of
conflict resolution
P OLI T I C S as power
• Politics happens in all human
interactions within the family,
among friends, among officemates,
etc.
• Politics can therefore, be seen as

struggle over scarce resources and
power can be seen as the means
through which struggle is conducted
Political
Politics Science
• Focuses its study on the actual • An academic discipline deals
actions or decisions of the state with the theoretical study of
• Politics is concerned with issues, the state and government
problems and activities of the • A political scientist observes
state while political science is how to state makes decision,
concerned on how the state and how the state’s decision
originated, its nature and its affects people.
functions.
In the modern perspectives, political science studies politics.
The state and government are the key factors in the study of political science and politics.
Thus, political science cannot be differentiated from politics.

5 Reasons to Study Politics
1. Politics will help you to know your rights.
2. Politics clarifies what you yourself believes.
3. Politics is a living, breathing subject.
4. Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties.
5. Politics prepares you for adult life.
How politics can be studied?
1. Normative vs. Positive Approach
Focuses in answering the questions:
(What is?) Positive Approach
Example: “The Department of Education documented more than
1,700 cases of child abuse and bullying in school year 2013-2014.”
(What should be?) Normative Approach
Example: “Bullying and other forms of violence in schools should
be viewed not just a school problem but a societal problem as
well.”
2. Behavioral Approach
Focuses on the study of the individual (voter, leader, party
leader, etc.) particularly the actors of the political system, their
emotions, biases and predispositions.
Behaviorists, therefore, study the political process by

looking at how it relates or influences the individual’s
behavior, motivations, personalities or feelings of human
actors ( Orji, 2009).
2. Rational Choice Approach
Focuses on the study of human behavior wherein
individuals are motivated by their wants, their self-interest or
goals which will explain their preference
Furthermore, according to this approach, humans act to

maximize their outcome, that is, to get the most benefit and
profit from their actions.
GOVERNANCE
-the action of the government
-”the process of decision-making and the process

by which decisions are implemented.” (Sheng,
UNESCAP)
GOVERNANCE
-” a government’s ability to make and enforce rule
and to deliver services, regardless of whether the
government is democratic or not.” –Fukuyama
(2013)
– In the early Indian history, back to at least 400 B.

C, governance includes emphasizing justice,
ethics, and anti-autocratic tendencies.
GOVERNANCE
Moreover, World Bank (2007) defines governance as
“the manner in which public officials and institutions
acquire and exercise the authority to shape public
policy and provide public goods and service.”
Note:
Decisions should not be
influenced by interest of the
few, values and preference.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
EQUITABLE AND
ACCOUNTABLE
INCLUSIVE
CONSENSUS AND
TRANSPARENT ORIENTED
GOOD
GOVERNANCE
RESPONSIVENESS PARTICIPATORY
FOLLOWS THE RULE EFFECTIVE AND

OF LAW EFFICIENT
active involvement of all affected and
1. PARTICIPATORY interested parties in the decision-making
process
2. FOLLOWS THE legal frameworks should be fair and
RULE OF LAW enforced impartially
3. TRANSPARENCY free flow of information
4.RESPONSIVENESS serve all stakeholders

5. CONSENSUS AND Mediates different interests

ORIENTED
6. EQUITABLE AND All its members have opportunities to

INCLUSIVE improve or maintain their well-being
7. EFFECTIVE AND Produce results that meet needs while

EFFICIENT making the best use of resources
8. ACCOUNTABLE Accountable to the public

1-Introduction To Politics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1-Introduction To Politics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1-Introduction To Politics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Philippine

• ABLE TO DEFINE AND UNDERSAND WAHAT

• “the heart of Political

• Politics is played by everybody,

• Politics is meant to resolve conflict

• Politics can therefore, be seen as

Thus, political science cannot be differentiated from politics.

Behaviorists, therefore, study the political process by

Furthermore, according to this approach, humans act to

-”the process of decision-making and the process

– In the early Indian history, back to at least 400 B.

FOLLOWS THE RULE EFFECTIVE AND

3. TRANSPARENCY free flow of information

4.RESPONSIVENESS serve all stakeholders

5. CONSENSUS AND Mediates different interests

6. EQUITABLE AND All its members have opportunities to

7. EFFECTIVE AND Produce results that meet needs while

8. ACCOUNTABLE Accountable to the public

You might also like