GRP 4 Mga Gunita NG Himagsikan

MGA GUNITA NG
HIMAGSIKAN
By Emilio Aguinaldo
1. Background of the Author
2. What is "Gunita of Higmasikan"
3. Important historical events found in
"Gunita of Himagsikan“
4. Relevance of the Report
to the
Present Time
1. Background of the
Author
Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869,
in Cavite El Viejo also known as Kawit, Cavite
today.
His parents are Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and
Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo. Emilio was a
Filipino leader and politician who fought first
against Spain and later against the United States
for the independence of the Philippines.
Emilio Aguinaldo was the first and youngest
President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and
the first president of a constitutional republic
in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against
Spain in the latter part of the Philippine
Revolution (1896–1898), then in the Spanish–
American War (1898), and finally against the
United States during the Philippine–
American War (1899–1901).
In 1935, Aguinaldo
ran unsuccessfully for
president of the
Philippine
Commonwealth
against Manuel
Quezon. He was also
one of the Filipino
historical figures to be
recommended as a
national hero of the
Philippines.
What is "Gunita of
Higmasikan"
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan is the memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo
written based on a diary he kept, several documents he preserved,
and family lore he gathered from his elders. Aguinaldo was one of
the many members of the Katipunan and belonged to the Magdalo
faction. He led numerous attacks and won victories against the
Spaniards in the Cavite province. After the death of Bonifacio, he
assumed total leadership of the revolution. Later, Aguinaldo forcibly
set up a provisional dictatorship in the country, declared Philippine
independence on June 12, 1898, and sworn in as the first president
of the new, self-governed Philippine republic.
Believed to be of two volumes, Aguinaldo’s memoir includes
accounts beginning from his birth, his early life, and his
participation in the revolution. However, the first volume ends
the memoir only with the details of the Treaty in Biak-na-Bato.
• Although its existence is still not proven, the second volume

is assumed to continue with the Philippine Revolution
against Spain and the Philippine-American War. The
provided excerpts begin the memoir with Aguinaldo’s
arrival to Cavite and his encounter with two of his
generals which led to the confrontation of the three
Filipino civil guards patrolling their territory
The Founding of Katipunan
GEDC 1006
Important historical events found
in "Gunita of Himagsikan"
Ormeo
Mga Gunita ngHimagsikan
(Memoirs of the Revolution) by
Emilio Aguinaldo Heneral Emilio
◦ First and the youngest president of the
Philippines.
◦ Death of Procopio and Andres Bonifacio
◦ This made his memoir/book more intriguing
to read
◦ Present his side or story on the different
issues he was involved with.
Prior to his election as president to
the new republic in Tejeros
convention he was able to held the
following positions;
1. Cabeza de Barangay

2.Gobernadorcillo capitan municipal
(Municipal Governor-Captain)
3. War General (Magdalo, a Katipunan
faction headed by his cousin Baldomero
Aguinaldo)
Aguinaldo First and the youngest
president of the Philippines
March 22, 1897,
Aguinaldo as president where Andres
Bonifacio did not recognize instead
declaring the results as null and void.
Convention was held and resulted to
election of Emilio Aguinaldo as
president
Andres Bonifacio did not recognize instead
declaring the results as null and void.
Emilio Aguinaldo
and
Andres Bonifacio’s
rivalry
March 22, 1897, - Tejeros Convention
◦ purpose of the Convention was to discuss the
Katipunan’s defense of Cavite, and to set up a
revolutionary government
Magdiwang and Magdalo chapters of the
Katipunan
◦ two largest and most powerful Katipunan
branches in the country
Rivalrybetween the Magdiwang and
Magdalo groups
◦ Magdiwang was more supportive of Bonifacio
◦ Magdalo, whose leaders were composed of
disgruntled members of the rich principalia,
including Aguinaldo.
Bonifacio moved to erect a democratic
republican government by electing leaders
of the revolutionary government.
◦ Bonifacio nominated for the position
of President, but lost to Aguinaldo
◦ Bonifacio was again nominated for the position
of Vice President but lost again.
◦ Bonifacio was nominated for the last and lowest
position of Interior Secretary—a position
created presumably as a sign of respect for the
Katipunan founder—which he eventually won
 Daniel Tirona would not have Bonifacio sit as Interior
Secretary,
Bonifacio declared the meeting invalid
◦ Mariano Alvarez, in a letter to his uncle, also
described the meeting as fraudulent and deceitful
◦ Bonifacio would write the Acta de Tejeros, signed by
himself and 44 important officers of the Katipunan
Acta de Tejeros
◦ document proclaiming the Tejeros Convention as
invalid because of its lack of due process, and also
because of the underhanded chicanery that marred its
elections.
◦ Acta de Naik. The document proclaims that some
leaders of the Katipunan (implying Aguinaldo) had
betrayed the Revolution and had committed treason.
 Mariano Trias, -Vice president
Chapter 44 : Death of
Procopio and Andres
Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio
were arrested with criminal charges of
Treason, Sedition and a conspiracy to
murder Emilio Aguinaldo
Heneral Pio Del Pilar and Mariano Noriel
persuaded him to impose the original
penalty
“come and sit, listen
to our reports,”
“If I were needed

here, you would
have invited me.”
Aguinaldo, as president,
established different types of
government;
 1. Biak na Bato a republican government where its Constitution was

patterned from Cuban constitution. It was a short live republic
because Governor General Fernando Primo de Rivero and
Aguinaldo entered into a pact which is now known as Pact of Biak
na Bato.
 2 . Dictatorial government was established upon Aguinaldo’s
returned to the Philippines. This type of government was
advised by Aguinaldo’s war counselor Ambrosio Riazares
Bautistato control all the governmental powers temporarily.
Aguinaldo, as president,
established different types of
government;
 3 . Revolutionary government as an insurgent government

that was established by Aguinaldo w h i l e t h e y a r e
p r e p a r i n g f o r d e c l a r a t i o n o f independence with new
constitution. The known adviser of this government was
Apolinario Mabinias Brains of the Revolution or Utak ng
Himagsikan.
 4 . First Philippine Republic. This republic was established
when the declaration of independence was done in Kawit, Cavite
and the ratification of1899 Philippine Constitution/Malolos
constitution by Malolos congress. The inauguration of the Republic
was on January 23, 1899 at the Barasoa in church in Bulacan.
References
(IV Reading Topic 4 Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
Memoirs of the Revolution by Emilio | Course
Hero, 2021)
Limos M.A. (2018, Nov. 28)These Documents
Reveal the Intense Rivalry Between Aguinaldo
and Bonifacio Retrieve from :
https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/pursuit
s/emilio-aguinaldo-andres-bonifacio-acta-de-
tejeros-a1957-20181128-lfrm
Relevance of the Report
to the
Present Time
“MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN”
The work of Emilio Aguinaldo which is

the “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” is
considered as relevant to the grand
narrative of the Philippine history since:
 it does not only contain memoirs of

Emilio Aguinaldo but also contains
historical information about our history
such as information about Filipino
Ancestors.
 It shows how people of

our country had
passionately fought back
against the Spaniards in
order to gain our
freedom.
 It gives us an insight into

the personal thoughts and
feelings of Aguinaldo
which will help in a deeper
understanding of
Philippine History.
 Power Struggle
Issues Affecting
contemporary leaderships  Lack of Unity
were cause by or rooted
from the past
 Treachery
• It gave us essential information to visualize how Filipino revolutionaries
engaged in battle with the Spaniards which were important events in the
Philippine history.
• It chronicled the revolution which showed us how united and persistent the
Filipinos were to end the Spanish occupation.
• This allows us to grasp how great their struggles were during the colonial
era to the point that what they desired was nothing more than
independence.
• We were able to view history through the eyes of Aguinaldo , which leads
us to a better appreciation of heroism and efforts important to the freedom
we enjoy today.
THANK YOU!

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MGA GUNITA NG

• Although its existence is still not proven, the second volume

1. Cabeza de Barangay

“If I were needed

 1. Biak na Bato a republican government where its Constitution was

 3 . Revolutionary government as an insurgent government

The work of Emilio Aguinaldo which is

 it does not only contain memoirs of

 It shows how people of

 It gives us an insight into

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