Readings in Philippine History (PPT2)

Magellan's Voyage around the World
Dr. Dennis J. Saluba

Department of Social Sciences
College of Education and Liberal Arts
Adamson University
Reigning Powers in Europe
During the 15th Century, Spain and Portugal are the reigning powers in Europe. The
Portugal was ruled by King Manuel and Spain was ruled by King Charles I.
Treaty of Tordesillas(1494)
Under the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain was given exclusive rights to all newly discovered
and undiscovered lands in the region west of the line. Portuguese expeditions were to
keep to the east of the line. Neither power was to occupy any territory already in the
hands of a Christian ruler.
Spice Island
Moluccas, also known as Spice Islands is an Indonesian islands of the Malay
Archipelago, lying between the islands of Celebes to the west and New Guinea to the
east. The cloves (above) of the northern Moluccas was one of the most expensive spices
of the central islands were traded in Asia long before Europeans heard of the so-called
Spice Islands.
Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 was the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan
Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman
Empire) came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall
after besieging the city for 55 days. Ottoman grew to be one of the most powerful states
in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Closure of Trade Routes
It was no different in the 16th century. As the Ottoman Empire expanded, it started
gaining control of important trade routes. The capture of Constantinople to the Ottoman
Turks was a key event. Along with their victory, they now had significant control of the
Silk Road and other important trade route.
Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan, originally a Portuguese, was the son of Rui de Magalhães and Alda de
Mesquita, members of the Portuguese nobility. In early 1505 he enlisted in the fleet of
Francisco de Almeida, first viceroy of Portuguese India, whose expedition King Manuel
sent to check Muslim sea power along the African and Indian coasts and to establish a
strong Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean.
• In 1507 Magellan was back in India. He took part, on February 2–3, 1509, in the great
Battle of Diu, in which the Portuguese defeated a Muslim fleet and thereby gained
supremacy over most of the Indian Ocean.
• Reaching Cochin (now Kochi, India) in the fleet of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira, he
subsequently left for the Malay city-state of Malacca (now Melaka, Malaysia).
• Magellan is mentioned as being sent to warn the commander of the Portuguese ships
in Malacca’s waters of impending attack by Malays.
• During the subsequent fighting he saved the life of a Portuguese explorer, his close
friend Francisco Serrão.
Magellan's Allegiance To Spain
• Magellan therefore went to Spain, reaching Sevilla (Seville) on October 20, 1517. He
was joined in December by the Portuguese cosmographer Rui Faleiro and possibly
by Rui’s brother Francisco Faleiro. Magellan and Rui Faleiro journeyed to the court a
Valladolid, where they offered their services to King Charles I (later, Holy Roman
emperor Charles V).
• Magellan, until this point bearing the Portuguese name Fernão de Magalhães.
• On March 22, 1518, their proposal received royal assent. Magellan and Faleiro were
appointed joint captains general of an expedition directed to seek an all-Spanish
route to the Moluccas.
Magellan Expedition (Armada De Molucca)
Spanish officials furnished five ships for the expedition, prepared in Sevilla, Spain.
Magellan’s flagship, the Trinidad, had as consorts the San Antonio, the Concepción, the
Victoria, and the Santiago. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain in an
effort to find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. He was the
Captain General of five ships and 270 men.
Antonio Pigafetta, The Chronicler of the Expedition
Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to the
Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of
Spain and after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the
world. Pigafetta kept a detailed journal of what happened to them from the time they left
Seville in 1519 until they return to Spain three years later in 1522.
Strait of Magellan
Magellan sailed to West Africa and then to Brazil, where he searched the South
American coast for a strait that would take him to the Pacific.On October 21, he finally
discovered the strait he had been seeking. The Strait of Magellan, as it became known,
is located near the tip of South America. Only three ships entered the passage; one had
been wrecked and another deserted. It took 38 days to navigate the treacherous strait.
Magellan in the Philippines
On 16 March 1521, the fleet reached the Philippines, where they would remain for a
month and a half. After several weeks in the Philippines, Magellan had converted as
many as 2,200 locals to Christianity, including Rajah Humabon of Cebu and most leaders
of the islands around Cebu.
First Mass in Cebu
On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered a Mass to be celebrated which
was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then.
Conducted near the shores of the island, the First Holy Mass marked the birth of Roman
Catholicism in the Philippines.
Battle of Mactan
The Battle of Mactan was fought in the Philippines on 27 April 1521. The warriors of
Lapulapu, a native chieftain of Mactan Island, overpowered and defeated a Spanish
force fighting for Rajah Humabon of Cebu under the command of Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed in the battle.
Magellan-Elcano Expedition
After Magellan’s death, the survivors, in two ships, sailed on to the Moluccas and loaded
the hulls with spice. One ship attempted, unsuccessfully, to return across the Pacific. The
other ship, the Victoria, continued west under the command of Juan Sebastian de
Elcano. The vessel sailed across the Indian Ocean, rounded the Cape of Good Hope,
and arrived at the Spanish port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522,
becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the globe from 270 men to 17 men remaining.
Main Sources:
• Batis: Sources in Philippine History, Jose Victor Z. Torres, C & E

Publishing, 2018
• https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/magellans-expedition-
circumnavigates-globe
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Magellan's Voyage around the World

Dr. Dennis J. Saluba

• Batis: Sources in Philippine History, Jose Victor Z. Torres, C & E

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