Health February 8 12

First Aid For Common
Unintentional Injuries and

Medical Emergencies
• Lesson 1: Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Lesson 2: Bleeding and Burn Emergencies
• Lesson 3: Heat Emergencies
• Lesson 4: Poisoning, Choking, and Drowning
The Musculoskeletal System
• The musculoskeletal system
includes the skeleton and the
muscles of the body.
• prone to injuries.
Function
•The musculoskeletal system mostly

functions for movement of the body.
•These systems also protect some of the
body’s internal organs.
Sprain
• Ligaments are connective tissues
connecting bones together or cartilages
to bone.
• Even though ligaments are sturdy
tissues, incorrect or excessively
strenuous movement can cause them to
become injured.
• A sprain occurs when a ligament
becomes twisted or torn.
Symptoms of sprain
• A sprain is usually painful, and can have the following symptoms:
● swelling of the injured part;

● bruises;
● difficulty in moving the injured part; and
● painful movement.
First Aid
• First aid for sprains generally follows the RICE method. The RICE
method is a mnemonic that stands for the following:
Strain
• Muscles connected through
connective tissues to the bones
are known as tendons.
• Like ligaments, although these
connective tissues are normally
very tough, they can also get
injured.
• A tear or excessive stretching of
a tendon or a muscle is known
as a strain.
• Symptoms • First Aid
• Strains can have the following • First aid for a strain is similar to
symptoms: that of a sprain.
● swelling; • The RICE method should also be
● difficulty in moving the injured used before proper medical
part; and attention is given.
● pain in the area, aggravated with
movement.
Fracture
• A fracture happens if a bone breaks due
to the application of excessive force or
the weakening of a bone.
• Fractures usually accompany many
accidents, so make sure that the victim’s
other medical needs are taken care of
when treating a fracture.
• Symptoms • First Aid Fractures can be very painful
• A fracture can have the following and need to be treated immediately.
symptoms: • The following can be done:
● swelling and tenderness of the ● The area with the suspected fracture
affected area; should be kept immobile.
● pain; ● Any bleeding that accompanies the
fracture should be stopped.
● difficulty moving;
● The affected area should be iced with a
● a part of bone jutting out of the skin; cold pack.
● bruises; ● Calm the victim down. The victim
● the stiffness of the part; or should be laid down, and the legs elevated.
● numbness (pamamanhid) ● Call for medical help, as fractures need
professional medical treatment.
Dislocation
• A dislocation happens when
bones are removed from their
normal positions within a joint.
• A joint is where bones are
attached via ligaments or other
connective tissues.
• Dislocations can happen as a
result of strenuous activity,
excessive pulling of the joint, or
the application of outside force.
• Symptoms • First Aid
• Some symptoms that a dislocation • The first step in treating a dislocated
has occurred include the following: bone is to call for medical help.
● deformation of the affected body • If there are no open wounds in the
part; affected area, ice should be applied to
● a bone looks out of place; reduce the swelling.
● swelling; • The part should also be immobilized
to avoid further injury.
● discoloration of the affected part;
• Using a splint on the injured area
● pain; and until medical help is available can
● the difficulty of movement or also help in immobilization.
movement may be impossible.
Lesson 2:
Bleeding and Burn Emergencies
• Wounds and Burns
• Wounds and burns are injuries that usually affect the skin,
although these can also affect other parts of the body
depending on the severity.
• There are simple ways of dealing with simple wounds and
burns.
• The more severe ones require immediate medical attention.
• Bleeding
• Bleeding happens when blood
exits the body through a wound.
This may or may not be life-
threatening based on the severity
of the injury.
• Types of Wounds
• There are many types of wounds. The major kinds include the following:
Abrasions, Incisions, Lacerations, Avulsions, Puncture
FIRST AID
FIRST AIDER
WATCH OUT FOR

INFECTIONS
Burns
• A burn is a damage that happens to a body part after being exposed to
heat or other agents.
• The most common burns are caused by excessively harsh sunlight, or
the exposure of skin to open flame or other hot objects.
• However, burns can also result from exposure to corrosive chemicals
as chemical burns or exposure to electricity as electrical burns.
• Burns can be life-threatening, based on their severity.
• As such, these should always be treated immediately and
appropriately.
Severity of Burns
• Burns can be classified based on how deep the burn
damage has reached into the body tissues.
• They are classified as 1st-degree, 2nd-degree, and
3rd-degree burns.
• 1st-degree burns or superficial burns - these burns are considered to be
minor, and only affects the outermost layer of the skin, which is the
epidermis.
• 2nd-degree burns or partial thickness burns - these burns are more
serious, and also affects the dermis, which is the skin layer under the
epidermis. Some 2nd-degree burns may form blistering of the skin,
which is a small sac that develops and fills with fluid. 2nd-degree burns
are normally very painful.
• 3rd-degree burns or full thickness - burns are the most severe type.
The layers beneath the skin are reached, and can even affect nerves and
blood vessels. If nerves are destroyed, numbness may be felt in the area
of the burn.
Lesson 3: Heat Emergencies
• Effects of Heat on the Body
• There are injuries and health conditions that can happen if a person is
exposed to too much heat in the environment.
• These can be detrimental to health, and the most severe cases can lead
to damage that can occur to different organs.
Heat Cramps
• Have you ever exercised in very hot weather? You may have noticed
that you lose more water through sweating if this is done.
• If this happens excessively for a prolonged period, a person may
experience heat cramps, which are spasms in the muscles that are
painful.
• Spasms are muscular movements that cannot be controlled.
• Heat cramps are usually caused by the body losing water, salts, or
electrolytes.
• Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that are essential to the
body’s normal functions.
Heat
Exhaustion

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First Aid For Common

Unintentional Injuries and

•The musculoskeletal system mostly

● swelling of the injured part;

WATCH OUT FOR

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