Skeletal System Injuries

BONE, JOINT AND MUSCULES
INJURIES
Chapter 15
Faculty of Pharmacy
Dr Ammar Raiy
• Among the most common
injuries.
• Most sport injuries are

musculoskeletal
Musculoskeletal Injuries:
• Fractures bone injuries
• Dislocations
• Sprains joint injuries
• Strains
• Contusions muscle injuries
• Cramps
Prevention of sport and recreation
injuries
 Maintain healthy weight.
 Wear proper shoes.
 Do stretching exercises
daily.
 Be in proper physical
condition to play a sport.
 Warm up and stretch
before any sport.
 Wear protective
equipment when playing.
General First Aid
• Do initial assessment: take

care of any life-threatening
conditions.
• Perform physical examination.
• Consider mechanism of injury.
• Consider possible spinal injury.

signs and symptoms
o Pain.
o Swelling.
o Deformation.
o Inability to move.
o Bleeding.
o Skin discoloration.
o Abnormal sensation.
o Difference in temperature.
o Crepitus: In fracture.
General First Aid
Involves four steps that are summarized in
the acronym RICE :
 R : Rest
 I : Ice
 C : Compression
 E : Elevation
Rest
Any movement can cause:
 Pain and swelling.
 Further injuries to soft

tissues such as blood
vessels and nerves.
With a fracture or
dislocation, use a splint
to immobilize the injured
area.
ICE
 Works best when applied within
10 minutes.
 Cold reduces swelling, pain and
bruising.
 Broken blood vessels constrict
reducing bleeding.
 Cold relieves muscle spasm.
 Ice should be wrapped in clothe
to prevent injury caused by direct
contact with skin.
Compression
• Provides comfort,
support and may prevent
swelling.
• Is done with elastic roller
bandage.
• Wrap the bandage over
the injured area, covering
2 inches below and 2
inches above.
• The bandage should be
firm and not so tight.
Elevation
• Elevating uses gravity to

reduce blood flow to the
injury.
• Minimize swelling and

bleeding.
• Don’t elevate not-splinted

extremity with suspected
fracture or dislocation.
Fractures
More common in elderly
(osteoporosis).
• Close fracture : skin not
broken.
• Open fracture : open wound
at fracture site .
• Most fractures are not life
threatening, but external and
internal bleeding can be
severe (femoral bone).
• Nerves and organs nearby
Signs and Symptoms
• Pain
• Swelling
• Deformation
• Inability to move
extremity
• Bruising
• Crepitus
First Aid
• Assess victim`s fingers and
toes to determine their
circulation.
• Immobilize the area with joint
above and joint below the
fracture.
• Call 110
• With open fracture cover the
wound with dressing and
control bleeding.
• Apply RICE(elevate only
splinted extremities).
Joint Injuries
Dislocation
• Result from strong forces.
• One or more bones moved
out of their normal position
in joint .
• Usually involves tearing of
ligaments or other joint
structures.
• Pain, swelling , and bruising
usually occur.
• Inability to use the joint.
• Significant displacement
of bones can damage
nearby nerves and cause
serious bleeding.
First aid:
•Immobilize the area by

using splint.
•Apply RICE.
•Call 110.
Sprain
• Bones remain in place in

joint but ligaments and
other structures are injured .
• Occurs when joint is

overextended.
• Cause swelling, pain,

bruising and inability to use
joint .
muscle injuries
Strains
• Tearing of muscle or tendon.
• Caused by over exertion of

a muscle.
• Causes pain, swelling, and

sometimes inability to use
muscle.
Contusions
 Bruised muscle.
 May result from a

blow.
 Cause: pain, swelling,

and discoloration.
Muscle Cramps
 Tightening of muscle.
 Usually occurs from
prolonged use.
 Most common in thigh and
calf muscle.
 May last a few seconds to
15 minutes.
 May be prevented with
flexibility exercises and
stretches.
First aid:
Stop the activity.
Gently stretch out the muscle if possible.
Massage the muscle after active

cramping stops.

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BONE, JOINT AND MUSCULES

• Most sport injuries are

• Fractures bone injuries

• Do initial assessment: take

• Perform physical examination.

• Consider mechanism of injury.

• Consider possible spinal injury.

 Pain and swelling.

 Further injuries to soft

• Elevating uses gravity to

• Minimize swelling and

• Don’t elevate not-splinted

•Immobilize the area by

• Bones remain in place in

• Occurs when joint is

• Cause swelling, pain,

• Tearing of muscle or tendon.

• Caused by over exertion of

• Causes pain, swelling, and

 May result from a

 Cause: pain, swelling,

Stop the activity.

Gently stretch out the muscle if possible.

Massage the muscle after active

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