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    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It considers four main aspects: science, natural light of reason, the study of all things, and the first cause or highest principle. As a science, philosophy follows a systematic process of investigation. It uses human reason and logic alone to break down problems into basic elements and rebuild understanding from first principles. A philosopher questions nearly everything rather than focusing on a single topic. The goal is to understand the fundamental causes and nature of reality.

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    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It considers four main aspects: science, natural light of reason, the study of all things, and the first cause or highest principle. As a science, philosophy follows a systematic process of investigation. It uses human reason and logic alone to break down problems into basic elements and rebuild understanding from first principles. A philosopher questions nearly everything rather than focusing on a single topic. The goal is to understand the fundamental causes and nature of reality.

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    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It considers four main aspects: science, natural light of reason, the study of all things, and the first cause or highest principle. As a science, philosophy follows a systematic process of investigation. It uses human reason and logic alone to break down problems into basic elements and rebuild understanding from first principles. A philosopher questions nearly everything rather than focusing on a single topic. The goal is to understand the fundamental causes and nature of reality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    50 views32 pages

    Untitled

    Uploaded by

    Anne Morales
    Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. It considers four main aspects: science, natural light of reason, the study of all things, and the first cause or highest principle. As a science, philosophy follows a systematic process of investigation. It uses human reason and logic alone to break down problems into basic elements and rebuild understanding from first principles. A philosopher questions nearly everything rather than focusing on a single topic. The goal is to understand the fundamental causes and nature of reality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    What is Philosophy?

    Greek Words

    philo to love

    sophia wisdom

    the love of wisdom


    As the Highest Principle of all things, four things are to be considered:

    Science

    Natural Light of Reason

    Study of All Things

    First Cause or Highest


    Principle
    As the Highest Principle of all things, four things are to be considered:

    Science

    It is called science because the


    Natural Light of Reason
    investigation is systematic. It follows
    certain steps or it employs certain
    Study of All Things
    procedures. In other words, it is an

    First Cause or Highest organized body of knowledge just


    Principle
    like any other sciences.
    As the Highest Principle of all things, four things are to be considered:

    Science

    Natural Light of Reason


    Philosophy uses natural capacity to
    think or simply, human reason alone
    Study of All Things
    or the so-called unaided reason.

    First Cause or Highest


    Principle
    As the Highest Principle of all things, four things are to be considered:

    Science

    Natural Light of Reason Philosophy is not one dimensional or


    partial. In short, a philosopher does
    Study of All Things not limit himself to a particular object
    of inquiry. He questions almost
    First Cause or Highest
    Principle anything, if not everything.
    As the Highest Principle of all things, four things are to be considered:

    Science
    The idea is to break down
    Natural Light of Reason complicated problems into basic
    elements and then reassemble them
    Study of All Things from the ground up. It's one of the
    best ways to learn to think for
    First Cause or Highest
    Principle yourself, and to unlock your creative
    potential.
    First Cause or Highest Principle

    Principle of Identity Whatever is is; whatever is not, is not.

    Principle of Non- It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be


    Contradiction
    Why does ‘something’ exist, but time,
    at the same not ‘nothing’?
    at the same respect.
    Principle of Excluded Middle Between being and not-being, there is no
    middle ground possible.
    Principle of Sufficient Reason Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for
    its being and existence.
    Western Philosophy
    SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

    Most Influential Greek Philosophers


    SOCRATES
    “I know that I know nothing”

    He was never concerned about philosophy in the


    academic sense. His philosophy emanated from his
    way of life, a life that was not concerned about
    wealth and worldly goods.
    PLATO
    “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

    Plato's Theory of Forms asserts that the physical


    world is not really the 'real' world; instead, ultimate
    reality exists beyond our physical world. 
    Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
    ARISTOTLE
    “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

    He maintained that things can be known and proven


    using the senses and the faculty of reason The
    forms have two categories, namely, the substance
    and accidents.
    Eastern Philosophy
    CONFUCIANISM
    Confucianism is considered a social philosophy that
    is grounded on the assumption that proper social
    and political behavior is cultivated in the family.
    Jen (ren)
    Human heartedness, which denotes a
    compassionate person

    Yi
    Means righteousness, which consist of
    doing things in the right manner.
    BUDDHISM
    Buddhism is anchored on the idea that human
    person lives in suffering and that he should
    overcome this. This suffering refers to the deep
    dissatisfaction that pervades human experience, and
    the thirst for endless desires.
    The Four Noble Truths
    1. Life is pervaded by suffering.
    2. Suffering is a result of craving.
    3. There is a state of freedom from suffering -
    called Nirvana
    4. Anyone can attain Nirvana by following the
    Eightfold Path
    The Eightfold Path
    1. Right View
    2. Right Resolve
    3. Right Speech
    4. Right Action
    5. Right Livelihood
    6. Right Effort
    7. Right Mindfulness
    8. Right Concentration
    Karma
    Good and bad actions are like seeds that,
    if planted, will bear fruits in the future.

    Rebirth

    All life is a cycle of death and rebirth.


    INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
    The physical world is not as important as the
    knowledge of the inner self. Thus, the common
    theme of all schools of Indian Philosophy is to “see
    the self”.
    HOLISTIC THINKING
    It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems. This is often described at
    the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation.

    PARTIAL THINKING
    It focuses on the specific aspects of a situation. It is essential component of analytical thinking,
    as an individual focuses on certain areas of a problem in order to understand it.
    Question 1

    Cite a situation where you adopted a


    holistic view in looking at a situation.
    How did adopting a holistic view help
    you make sense of the situation?
    Question 2

    How can having holistic view help


    us become better individuals?
    To attain wisdom, there is a need for emptying.
    Do you have any questions?

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