Human Biological & Cultural Evolution

Human Biological &
Cultural Evolution
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Content: Objectives: Evaluation Method

1. Biological and cultural 1. Trace the biological and cultural
evolution: from Homo evolution of early to modern
habilis to Homo sapiens humans
in the fossil record 2. Explore the significance of human
material remains and artefactual
2. Cultural and socio political evidence in interpreting cultural
evolution from hunting and and social, including political and
gathering to the agricultural,
industrial, and post-industrial
economic, processes
revolutions. 3. Recognize national, local, and
3. Neolithic Revolution specialized museums, and
4. Early Civilaztion and the rise archeological and historical sites as
of the state venues to appreciate and reflect
5. Democratization on the complexities of biocultural
and social evolution as part of
being and becoming human
__M__
HUMAN
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_ _O_ _G_ _ _L
AL
BIOLOGICAL
IO
_ v_ _ u_ _ _ n
IO
EVOLUTION
CONGRATULATIO
NS!!!!!!!
Biological Evolution of Man
1. What do you see in the
picture? Describe their
appearance.
2. What is happening in the
photo?
Human BIOLOGICAL Evolution
The biological evolution of man refers to the long

evolutionary history of the human species from primates to its
current form, the Homo sapiens
http://thescienceexplorer.com/humanity/meet-homo-naledi-latest-addition-human-family
The Meaning and Significance of
Human Evolution
• Evolution is the process of developing

physical and biological change in a species
over a period of time.
The Transition from Early to Modern Humans
https://www.tacomacc.edu/areasofstudy/collegetransfer/anthropology/
hominid
- It is the general term used by the

scientist to categorize the group of
early humans and other
humanlike creatures that can walk
erect during the prehistoric times.
Four categories of hominid
1. Sahelanthropus
2. Ardipithecus
3. Australopithecus
4. Homo
australopithecus
- “Southern ape”
- Brain size of 500 cc
- Biped
- Tool users
- Food scavengers
2 major categories of
australopithecus
1. Gracile Australopithecine
- had small teeth and jaw
- “Lucy” was discovered by
paleoanthropologists led by Dr.
Donald Johanson
2. Robus Australopithecus
- had large teeth and jaw
homo
- Classified as humans and not

humanlike creatures.
Human Biological Evolution
- “Handy Man”
- Discovered by Louis and Mary
Leakey
- Tool makers
- Made tools called Oldowan
- Height about 3 to 4 ft.
- Brain size of 700 cc half the size OF
MODERN HUMAN BRAIN
- “Upright Man”
- Discovered by Eugene Dubois (dutch
anatomist)
- Brain size of 1,000 cc 2/3 of the
human brain
- Height of about 5 ft.
- Known for making complex
tools (skillful hunters)
- First Homo species to use fire, spoken
languages and to live in caves and
small houses
- Java man and Peking man
- “WISE MAN” or “Thinking man”

- Considered as modern humans
- Brain size of 1,400 cc
- Lived in shelters
- Food gatherers
Made sophisticated and smoothened tools
First to develop and use oral language
What evidence do we have then

in knowing the human
biological evolution?
What are the significance of this

evidence in understanding the
evolution?
Artifactual Evidences that are important

in understanding evolution
• Fossils
• Tools
• Symbolic writing
An antelope leg bone with

cut marks was recently
discovered in Africa. This
prehistoric tool served as
evidence for early hunting
practices and carnivorous
diet among early stone-tool
making humans,
http:// the Oldowan hominin
www.thesubversivearchaeologist.co
Wonderwerk Cave-
A cave discovered in South
Africa filled with
carbonized leaves and
grasses made
archaeologists believe that
cooking food was practiced
among early humans. https://www.pinterest.com/patricecapps/
types-of-fossilization/
Appreciating the Past through the Present

Is it impossible to delve in
the past without
recognizing our present?
Appreciating the Past through the Present

http://www.mirror.co.uk/
tech/archaeologists-use-
pioneering-3d-scanning-
8131541
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/
2014/08/1505273-65279arqueologos-recorrem-a-
drones-para-explorar-e-proteger-
antiguidades.shtml
http://imgur.com/gallery/lP1lz
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-
09/01/content_21764761.htm
Cultural Evolution of Man
Cultural evolution explains the changes in the beliefs,

knowledge, customs, skills, attitudes, and languages of
humans over time. It proposes that as humans
transform themselves, their
culture becomes https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/homo-
sapiens-and-tool-making/
progressively complex
due to social,
environmental, and
biological factors.
http://www.pinkjooz.com/
index.php/evolution-of-cell-phone/
The cultural evolution of early

humans can be traced back to
the beginning of the Stone
Age when they started creating
and using tools made out of
stones.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
109212359692118702/
This period is also known as

the prehistoric
period because writing was
not yet invented during this
time. It is divided into three
separate periods:
1. Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/
2. Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic) article-2521871/Prehistoric-man-went-
HOUSE-hunting-Ancestors-sought-homes-
3. New Stone Age (Neolithic) near-flood-plains-safe-rich-food.html
Paleolithic period
• first phase of the Stone Age
• Started the creation and use of
crude stone
• derived from the Greek
words palaios (old)
and lithos (stone) to collectively
mean "old stone age."
http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/
32026/the-best-pictures-of-stone-age-
hunters/
Paleolithic period
• showed their skills with fire and stones
that changed their diet and food
consumption.
• Hunting and fishing were the primary
activities
• developed their own language based on
sounds and hand signals.
https://
historiamolim6000.wordpress.c
om/tag/paleolithic-age/
Mesolithic period https://www.google.com.ph/url?

sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0a
hUKEwj3_6qjuvbVAhVJFpQKHZbqAf0QjxwIAw&url=h
• second phase of the Stone Age. ttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Flearning-
zone%2Fprimary-students%2F3rd-%2B-4th-class
• derived from the Greek

%2Fhistory%2Fthe-history-of-food-and-f%2Fthe-
stone-age%2Fthe-middle-stone-age
%2F&psig=AFQjCNGkghSxi4E9HtwEoKXAx-
words mesos (middle) L4rAivYw&ust=1503890287512099
and lithos (stone) that
collectively mean "middle stone
age."
Mesolithic period
• domesticated plants and animals.
• own settlements and communities.
• Hunting, fishing, and food gathering
were the primary activities
• They also started to use microliths or
smaller and more delicate stone
tools.
https://www.google.com.ph/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ah
UKEwiEpcT-uvbVAhWClJQKHZsgA2IQjxwIAw&url=http
%3A%2F%2Fklejonka.info%2F2017mimage-mesolithic-
age.awp&psig=AFQjCNFu2CF7eKZvw2ORwwssh5xaC_
qNyA&ust=1503890487557250
Neolithic period
• the last phase of the
Stone Age
• derived from the Ancient
Greek words neos (new)
and lithos (stone) that
collective translates to
"new stone age."
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
437271445047333782/
Neolithic period
• they became food producers and

introduced the concept of farming
• became herders from being hunters
• crafted better stone tools and
invented the axe.
• Pots and jars were evident
• permanent homes and started to
have their own tribes and villages.
http://emiyosiki.hatenablog.com/entry/
20121218/1355822558
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
a DEBATE
“CREATIONISM VS. EVOLUTION"

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Human Biological &

Content: Objectives: Evaluation Method

The biological evolution of man refers to the long

• Evolution is the process of developing

- It is the general term used by the

- Classified as humans and not

- “WISE MAN” or “Thinking man”

What evidence do we have then

What are the significance of this

Artifactual Evidences that are important

An antelope leg bone with

Appreciating the Past through the Present

Appreciating the Past through the Present

Cultural evolution explains the changes in the beliefs,

The cultural evolution of early

This period is also known as

Mesolithic period https://www.google.com.ph/url?

• derived from the Greek

• they became food producers and

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