T Test 1

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T – Test of One

Sample and Two


Sample Mean
T – Test
- is an analysis of two population
means through the use of statistical
examination. A T-test with two
samples is commonly used with
small sample size, testing the
difference between the samples
when the variances of two normal
distribution are not known.
T – Test
- A T-test looks at the T-statistic, the t-
distribution and degrees of freedom to
determine the probability of difference
between populations; the test statistic in the
test is known as the t-statistic.
We may use T-test if
* the population variance is unknown, and
therefore has to be estimated from the
sample itself
* the sample size is less than 30, (n < 30)
T – Test of One Sample Mean

Formula
t=
Where:
ẍ - sample mean
µ - population mean
n – sample size
s – standard deviation
Steps in Testing Hypothesis
1. State the hypothesis.
2. Specify the level of significance and decide whether two
tailed test, or one tailed test (right-tailed test or left-tailed
test) shall be use, and decide the test statistic to be used,
find the degrees od freedom, and find the critical value.
For One Sample Mean
Degrees of freedom = n -1
For two Sample Mean
Degrees of freedom = (+ )- 2
3. Compute the appropriate test statistic.
4. Graph computed value and critical value and make a
decision.
5. Interpret the decision.
Example
A chemical company alleged that the average
weight of its bag of chemical is 50 kgs. With a
standard deviation of 0.9 kg., a sample of 25 bags
was taken and revealed a mean weight of 48.1 kgs.
If the significant level is 1%, is there a significant
difference between the weights of the chemical
bags?
Solution

1. State the hypothesis.


: µ = 50
: µ < 55
2. 2. Specify the level of significance and decide whether two tailed test, or
one tailed test (right-tailed test or left-tailed test) shall be use, and decide
the test statistic to be used, find the degrees of freedom and find the critical
value.
Test Statistics: T-Test of One Sample Mean
Tailed-Test: One - tailed Test
Level of Significance: 0.01
Degrees of Freedom: n – 1; 25 – 1 = 24
Critical Value: 2.492
Solution

3. Compute the appropriate test statistic.


Given :
ẍ = 48.1 n = 25
µ = 50 s = 0.9
t=
t=
t=
t=
t =-10.56
Solution
4. Graph computed value and critical value and make a decision.

Decision: Accept and Reject

5. Interpret the decision.


There is no significant difference between hypothesized and
sample mean.
Example #2 : ( Let’s Do This! )
The average pregnancy age for a girl in the Philippines is
22. A sample of 28 girls in Manila was taken as a sample in
a study in proving whether the previous claim is true and
found to have an average of 25. If the standard deviation
is 12, can we say that the samples taken are older than
the rest of the population? Use 5% level of significance.
T – Test of Two Sample Mean
t=
Where:
- Sample Mean One
- Sample Mean Two
- Standard Deviation One
- Standard Deviation Two
- Sample Size One
- Sample Size Two
T – Test of Two Sample Mean

Example
A course in Physics is taught to 10 students by the
traditional method. Another group of 11 students was given
the same course by means of another method. At the end of
the semester, the same test was administered to each group.
The 10 students under method A made an average of 82
with a standard deviation of 5, while the 11 students under
method B made an average of 78 with a standard deviation
of 6. Test the null Hypothesis of no significant difference in
the performance of the groups of students at 5% level of
significance.
Solution
1. State the hypothesis.
:=
:

2. Specify the level of significance and decide whether two


tailed test, or one tailed test (right-tailed test or left-tailed test)
shall be use, and decide the test statistic to be used, find the
degrees of freedom and find the critical value.
Test Statistics: T-Test of Two Sample Mean
Tailed-Test: Two - tailed Test
Level of Significance: 0.05
Degrees of Freedom: Degrees of freedom = (+ )- 2
(10 + 11) – 2 = 19; df = 19
Critical Value: 2.093
Solution
3. Compute the appropriate test statistic.
Given :
- 82
- 78
- 10

–5
–6
Solution
3. Compute the appropriate test statistic.
t=
t= t=
t= t=
t= t=
t= t = 1.65
t=
Solution
4. Graph computed value and critical value and make a
decision.

Decision: Reject and Accept

5. Interpret the decision.


There is no significant difference between hypothesized
and sample mean.
Activity
Kaito grows tomatoes in two separate fields. When
the tomatoes are ready to be picked, he is curious as
to whether the sizes of his tomato plants differ
between the two fields. He takes a random sample
of plants from each field and measures the heights
of the plants , here is a summary of the results:
Field A Field B
Mean 1.3 m 1.6 m
Standard 0.5 m 0.3 m
Deviation
Number of 22 24
Plants

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