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    Dna Translation

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    2C Lamsin, Estelle Nerie
    DNA translation is the process by which the genetic code contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins. It involves several key cellular components and occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

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    Dna Translation

    Uploaded by

    2C Lamsin, Estelle Nerie
    29 views16 pages
    DNA translation is the process by which the genetic code contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins. It involves several key cellular components and occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

    Original Title

    DNA TRANSLATION

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    DNA translation is the process by which the genetic code contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins. It involves several key cellular components and occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views16 pages

    Dna Translation

    Uploaded by

    2C Lamsin, Estelle Nerie
    DNA translation is the process by which the genetic code contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins. It involves several key cellular components and occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    DNA

    TRANSLATIO
    N
    What is DNA TRANSLATION?
     Second step in gene expression
     The term used to describe the process of protein
    synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endo-
    plasmic reticulum
     The synthesis of a sequence of amino acids (polypeptide)
    that make protein under the direction of mRNA
    Where does translation occur?

     Prokaryotes: MEMBRANE OF
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

     Eukaryotes: CYTOPLASM
    Cellular components involved in DNA
    translation
     Ribosome The ribosome is a complex organelle, present in the cytoplasm, which serves
    as the site of action for protein synthesis. It provides the enzymes needed for peptide bond formation.
     Messenger RNA (mRNA)
    mRNA is used to convey information from DNA to the ribosome. It is a single
    strand molecule, complimentary to the DNA template, and is generated
    through transcription. Strands of mRNA are made up of codons, each of which
    signifies a particular amino acid to be added to the polypeptide in a certain order.
     Transfer RNA (tRNA) This is a single strand of RNA composed of approximately 80 ribonucleotides.
    tRNA carry a particular amino acid, which
    is added to the growing polypeptide chain if complimentary codons bond.
     Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
    These are enzymes that link each amino acid to their corresponding tRNA with the help of a two­
    step process. Each amino acid has a unique synthetase
    and the active site of each enzyme fits only one specific combination of the amino acid and tRNA.
    GENETIC CODE
    Steps involved in DNA translation

     initiation
    elongation
    termination
    Initiation
     Small ribosomal subunits bind to mRNA. The initiator tRNA which is equipped
    with the anticodon (UAC) also binds to the start codon (AUG) of the mRNA.
    The resulting large complex forms a complete ribosome and initiates protein synthesis.
    Elongation
     Following initiation, a new tRNA­
    amino acid complex enters the codon  next to
    the AUG codon. 
     If the anticodon of the new tRNA matches the 
    mRNA codon,
    base pairing occurs and the two amino acids ar
    e linked by the ribosome
    through a peptide bond.
     If the anticodon does not match the co-
    don, base pairing cannot happen and
    the tRNA is rejected. Then, the ribosome move
    s one codon forward making
    space for a new tRNA­
    amino acid complex to enter. 
     This process is repeated
    several times until the entire polypeptide has b
    een translated.
    Termination
     As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it encounters one of the three stop
    codons for which there is no corresponding tRNA. Terminator proteins present
    at the stop codon bind to the ribosome and trigger the release of the newly
    synthesized polypeptide chain.
     The ribosome then disengages from the mRNA. On release from the mRNA,
    the small and large subunits of the ribosome dissociate and prepare for the
    next round of translation.
     The polypeptide chains produced during translation undergo some post­
    translational modifications, such as folding, before becoming a fully active protein.
    OVERVIEW
    QUI
    1. Where does DNA
    translation occur in
    prokaryotic cells?
    2. Where does DNA
    translation occur in
    eukaryotic cells?
    3- 5.Give at least 3
    cellular components
    involved in DNA
    translation.
    6- 8.Give the 3 steps
    of DNA translation.
    9-10. Define DNA
    translation.

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