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    RNA PowerPoint

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    Anki0391
    RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of ribose, phosphate groups, and the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers DNA code to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up ribosomes. Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase copies part of a DNA strand into a complementary RNA molecule. Translation then uses the information in mRNA to produce proteins as tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes and the polypeptide chain grows until a stop codon. Mutations can occur at the gene or chromosomal level and result

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    RNA PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    Anki0391
    197 views20 pages
    RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of ribose, phosphate groups, and the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers DNA code to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up ribosomes. Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase copies part of a DNA strand into a complementary RNA molecule. Translation then uses the information in mRNA to produce proteins as tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes and the polypeptide chain grows until a stop codon. Mutations can occur at the gene or chromosomal level and result

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    RNA

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    RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of ribose, phosphate groups, and the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers DNA code to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up ribosomes. Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase copies part of a DNA strand into a complementary RNA molecule. Translation then uses the information in mRNA to produce proteins as tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes and the polypeptide chain grows until a stop codon. Mutations can occur at the gene or chromosomal level and result

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    197 views20 pages

    RNA PowerPoint

    Uploaded by

    Anki0391
    RNA is a single-stranded molecule composed of ribose, phosphate groups, and the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers DNA code to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up ribosomes. Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase copies part of a DNA strand into a complementary RNA molecule. Translation then uses the information in mRNA to produce proteins as tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes and the polypeptide chain grows until a stop codon. Mutations can occur at the gene or chromosomal level and result

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    RNA

    Ribonucleic Acid

    Structure of RNA

    Single stranded
    Ribose Sugar
    5 carbon sugar
    Phosphate group
    Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

    Types of RNA
    Three main types
    Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers
    DNA code to ribosomes for translation.
    Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino
    acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
    Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosomes are
    made of rRNA and protein.

    Transcription
    RNA molecules are produced by copying part
    of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into
    complementary sequence in RNA, a process
    called transcription.
    During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to
    DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA
    polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a
    template from which nucleotides are
    assembled into a strand of mRNA.

    mRNA

    How Does it Work?


    RNA Polymerase looks for a region on
    the DNA known as a promoter, where it
    binds and begins transcription.
    RNA strands are then edited. Some
    parts are removed (introns) - which are
    not expressed and other that are left
    are called exons or expressed genes.

    The Genetic Code


    This is the language of mRNA.
    Based on the 4 bases of mRNA.
    Words are 3 RNA sequences called
    codons.
    The strand aaacguucgccc would be
    separated as aaa-cgu-ucg-ccc the amino
    acids would then be Lysine Arginine
    Serine - Proline

    Genetic Codes

    Translation
    During translation, the cell uses information
    from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
    A Transcription occurs in nucleus.
    B mRNA moves to the cytoplasm then to the
    ribosomes. tRNA read the mRNA and obtain
    the amino acid coded for.
    C Ribosomes attach amino acids together
    forming a polypeptide chain.
    D Polypeptide chain keeps growing until a
    stop codon is reached.

    Translation to Protein

    Translation

    Mutations
    Gene mutations result from changes in a
    single gene. Chromosomal mutations
    involve changes whole chromosomes.

    Gene Mutation
    Point Mutation Affect one nucleotide
    thus occurring at a single point on the
    gene. Usually one nucleotide is
    substituted for another nucleotide.
    Frameshift Mutation Inserting an extra
    nucleotide or deleting a nucleotide
    causes the entire code to shift.

    Gene Mutation

    Chromosomal Mutations
    Deletion Part of a chromosome is deleted
    Duplication part of a chromosome is
    duplicated
    Inversion chromosome twists and inverts the
    code.
    Translocation Genetic information is traded
    between nonhomologous chromosomes.

    Chromosomal Mutations

    Mutations

    More Mutations

    Gene Regulation
    In simple cells (prokaryotic) lac genes
    which are controlled by stimuli, turn
    genes on and off.
    In complex cells (eukaryotic) this process
    is not as simple. Promoter sequences
    regulate gene operation.

    Review

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