Chapter 10

CHAPTER 10:
SPACE
EXPLORATION
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10.1 Developments in Astronomy
Development in the Historical Models of the Solar
System
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10.1 Developments of Technology
and its Applications in Space
Exploration
• Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars and
planets and their movements.
• The table below shows the names of
astronomers and their contributions.
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Applications of Technology in Space
Exploration and their importance
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Applications of Technology in Space
Exploration and their importance
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• 3 types of telescope :
i) Refracting – uses lenses to take or send photographs of
outer space
ii) Reflecting telescope – uses mirror to take or send
photographs of outer space
iii) radio telescope – used to receive electric signals and
radiation from outer space
• Used to detects activities, radio waves from space and
measures the altitude of stars
• Example : - Galileo’s telescope
- Hubble space telescope
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Radio telescope Refracting telescope
Reflecting telescope
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Rocket
• Used in space exploration
• When the fuel in a rocket burns, hot gases are released at high speed
through the bottom of the rocket
• The release of these gases produces a force which pushes the rocket
upwards
- Used to send spaceship,

satellite and space probes
- Example : - Vostok K
- Atlas
- Saturn 1B
- Saturn V
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• Satellite – object that orbits around another
object
- man-made satellites are launched
into certain orbits for remote sensing
purpose
- used to collect :
space weather information
space condition
telecommunication
Defence (military)
Remote sensing
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• Space probe :
- space craft that gather information and sends it back to
Earth
- do not orbit Earth but travel further into and out of the
Solar System
- carry camera, remote sensing instruments, radio
transmitters and receiver for the purpose of
communicating with scientists on Earth
- Example :
space probe Cassini
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• Remote sensing :
- method to collect and recording information from a
distance
- in Malaysia : it fitted into TiungSAT-1
- to receive or detect visible, ultraviolet
and infrared lights produced by objects
on the surface or below the surface of
Earth
- it will be sent to two data receiving
stations at National Planetarium Station
(KL) & the Mission Control Station
(MCGS), Bangi.
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- used in various fields :
Agriculture – to detect suitable regions for
agricultural development
Geology – to detect locations such as mineral
sources, mass depletion and land depletion
Disaster management – to identify pollution
and forest fires
Defence – to detect intrusions of enemy ships,
aircraft and vehicle
Forestry – provide information on how forests
are destroyed by fires, pests or diseases
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Spacecraft/spaceships
• spacecraft are launched into space to obtain
information.
• spacecraft that transport astronaut are launched into
space using rockects.
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Space station
• space stations provide a place in space for astronaut to
carry out studies while in space.
• Russia’s space station-Salyut, America’s – Skylab.
• The International Space Station (ISS) is now being built in
orbit through the cooperation of 16 countries.
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Space shuttles
• this type of spacecraft can be
launched, returned to the
Earth
• and can be used several
times.
• nowadays, the launching of a
spacecraft with rockects has
been replaced by space
shuttles.
• Space shuttles are used to
ferry astronaut and research
equipments as well as to
launch space probes and
satellites.
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• Enables engineers to plan the best time to carry out
a big projects such as building bridges, highways
and dams
• To expose the secrets of Earth, planets and other
space objects
• To search for new habitats for humans on the
Moon or other planets
• To obtain minerals from the Moon or other planets
• To learn more about natural phenomena
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CHAPTER 10:

- Used to send spaceship,

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