1 Adhesives and Sealants

ADHESIVES ,SEALANTS, MASTIC SEALANTS
AND ADHESIVES.
Adhesives - Definition
An adhesive is a substance which is used to joinor hold two or more parts so as to form
a single unit.
❑ Adhesives are bonding agents used to join materials by glueing.
❑ It is made from inorganic mineral sources, or biological sources.
❑ The general term used for adhesives is glue.
❑ Adhesives are a mixture in liquid or semi –liquid state that bonds items together.
Adhesives - Advantages
The application of adhesive has the following advantages over the conventional methods
of bolting, riveting and welding.
▪ A wide variety of combinations in joining is possible.
▪ It can be used in bonding the surfaces of glass, metal,plastics and wood.
▪ It is possible to prevent corrosion between different metals joined by adhesive.
▪ It produces adequate strength
▪The permeable joint can be impermeable for water and gas by application of adhesives.
▪ The process of applying adhesive is easy ,economical and speedy.
Good adhesives
❑ The following factors determine the quality of an adhesive:-
1) Its degree or intensity of sticking
2) Its durability
3) Its resistance to heat
4) the strength of bond developed after drying or setting
5) The time required to devolop the required bond,etc.
Adhesives use
❑ Adhesives can be used in construction in many situations:
▪ Carpet laying. ▪ Heating, ventilation, airconditioning connections.
▪ Ceramic tiles. ▪ Timber jointing.
▪ Countertop lamination. ▪ Manufactured housing.
▪ Drywall lamination. ▪ Pre-fabricated panels.
▪ Flooring underlay. ▪ Resilient flooring.
▪ Glulam. ▪ Roofing.
▪ Wall coverings.
Disadvantages of adhesives
The disadvantages of adhesives are as follows:-
1) It is not possible to adopt any adhesive for all substances. Depending upon the properties
of substance to be joined, suitable adhesive has to be selected.
2) The adhesive substance does not become strong immediately after its application.
It requires some time to attain the desired strength.
3) The adhesive substance generally does not remain stable at high temperature
Adhesives are often grouped into three types

Structural adhesives - Are high strength adhesives used in laminated beams, structural
plywood or boat building
Construction adhesives - Are cartridge grade adhesives that are normally used in
conjunction with fasteners for low stress applications i.e. panel bonding.
Woodworking adhesives - Different types of Poly Vinyl Acetates (PVA) and aliphatic
resin adhesives dominate the building-site woodwork glues.
▪ PVA is a white coloured, and aliphatic, a cream coloured liquid
Types of adhesives
The most common types of adhesive are as follows:
1) PVA (polyvinyl acetate):
2) Synthetic resin:
3) Epoxy resin:
4) Acrylic cement:
1) PVA (polyvinyl acetate): A general purpose

woodwork glue, with some water resistant properties.
2) Synthetic resin: A strong water-resistant

woodwork glue.these glues are based on synthetic resins.
▪ They may either be thermo-setting glues or thermo
–plasticglues.
▪ The thermo –setting glues become permanent,once they
are set.the thermo-plastic glues can be made plastis again
by heating.
▪ all synthetic glues are fire-proof, strong and water-proof
▪The setting time of synthetic glues can be regulated by
varying the type and kind and quality of the hardner.
▪They resist the attack by fungi and they possess
non-staining qualities.
3) Epoxy resin: Used for metals and plastics.
▪ Epoxy resins are used in the manufacture of
adhesives, plastics, paints, coatings, primers
and sealers, flooring and other products and
materials that are used in building
and construction applications.
▪ Epoxies are thermoset plastics made by the
reaction of two or more industrial chemical
compounds
4) Acrylic cement: Used for

acrylic and some types of plastic.
The adhesive ‘melts’ the surface
of the plastic and fuses it
together.
Sealants in construction
Sealants are used in construction to prevent
fluids and other substances from passing
through material surfaces, joints, or openings.
They can also prevent the passage of
air, sound, dust, insects, and so on, as well as
acting as a firestopping component.
▪ Sealants are typically used to close openings between that are too small for other
materials such as concrete, timber or mortar to be used.
▪ They have a wide range of properties in terms of strength, flexibility, appearance
permanence, solubility, corrosion resistance, and so on.While
some sealants have adhesive qualities, they differ from conventional adhesives in that
they tend to have lower strength and higher elongation. This means that they can be
used more flexibly between substrates with different properties.
The three basic functions of a sealant are as follows:
•Fill a gap between two or more substrates.
•Form a barrier through which other substances cannot pass.
Some of the most common types of sealants include:
•Acrylic resins
•Butyl rubber
•Epoxy thermosets
•Expanding foam
•Hot wax
•Latex sealants
•Metal sealants
•Paint sealants
•Polysulfide sealants
•Polyurethane sealants
•Rubber sealants
•Silicone sealant
•Urethane sealants
•Varnish
Mastic sealants and adhesives
Mastic (plant resin) Mastic asphalt, or asphalt, is a sticky,
black and highly viscous liquid. Mastic cold
porcelain, Mastic high-grade construction adhesive
commonly used to bond ceiling, wall, and floor tiles,
plywood panels, concrete, asphalt, leather and fabric.
Mastic is commonly used on construction projects as an adhesive and sealant.

▪ It is used where one surface needs to be adhered to another in a durable bond, or where
the area needs to be protected.
▪ Mastic can be used outside because of its water-resistant, temperature-resistant and

UV-resistant properties.
▪ It is also capable of resisting corrosion which makes it suitable for use with metals.
▪ Although mastic will usually resist some applied pressure, it is not flexible enough to
accommodate large movements.
▪ Due to its viscosity, it is best applied to thick rather than thinner areas of application,
such as large gaps and cracks.
▪ Before applying mastic, the area may not require priming, but it should be clean and dry.
It is best applied by using a caulking gun.
The most common types of material that mastic sealant can be adhered to
include timber, aluminium, steel, marble, glass and various types of board, although it can
be used on nearly all materials.
Examples of uses for mastic sealant include:
•Bonding ceiling, wall and floor tiles.
•Bonding plywood panels.
•As a joint-sealer for windows and doors.
•Sealing the area around bathtubs and other sanitary appliances.
•As a filler for cracks in masonry and concrete.
1) Duct Mastic
▪ Duct mastic is a gooey material that can be
easily applied using a paintbrush and is readily
available at most home improvement stores.
▪ Mastic can be applied generously to duct joints
and leaks and is a great option for ensuring that
the seal will not fail over time.
▪ It is easier to used in those hard-to- reach areas
and sharply angled duct joints.
▪ Unlike with using tape, you do not necessarily
have to make sure the area is clean before using
mastic.
▪ There is also no risk of mastic delaminating or
stripping off over time..
2) Mastic asphalt (MA) is a dense mixture
consisting of coarse aggregate, and/or sand, and
/or limestone fine aggregate, and/or filler and
bitumen, which may contain additives (for
example polymers, waxes).
▪ The mixture is designed to be of low void
content. The binder content is so adjusted that
the voids are completely filled and that even a
slight excess of binder may occur.
▪ Mastic asphalt is pourable and able to be
spread in its working temperature condition. It
requires no compaction on site.
▪The formulation of the mixture is chosen as a
function of
-field of application
- mechanical load Uses /applications ,Bridge decks,Flooring
- thermal load
- chemical load (building), Flooring (industrial), Road
- climatological influences. construction ,Rooftop car parks ,Hydraulic
constructions, Flat roofing, Tanking
❑ Advantages
• Improves Product Durability and Reliability.
• Increases Product Performance.
• Increases Design Flexibility.
• Increases Product Quality.
• Enhances Product Aesthetics.
• Improves Process Productivity and Reduced
Manufacturing Costs.
• Increases weathering characteristics.
❑ Common Problems OR Disadvantages

• Deterioration of sealants causes due to prolonged exposure to water, ultraviolet light,
and freeze-thaw cycles.
• Loss of Adhesion caused by the presence of coatings or contaminants that prevent
proper adhesion.
• Cohesive failure due to deterioration of the internal integrity of the sealant; cracking
parallel to the interface of the joint is an indication of this type of failure.
• Inappropriate Choice of Sealant and Improper Joint Design may fail the joint and
losses the adhesion.
• Uncured Sealant that is uncured is often due to incomplete or improper mixing of the
sealant components, or from using materials that have outlived their shelf life losses
the adhesion and fails the joints.
• Bubbling and Blistering of the Surface losses the adhesion and fails the joints

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ADHESIVES ,SEALANTS, MASTIC SEALANTS

Adhesives are often grouped into three types

1) PVA (polyvinyl acetate): A general purpose

2) Synthetic resin: A strong water-resistant

4) Acrylic cement: Used for

Mastic is commonly used on construction projects as an adhesive and sealant.

▪ Mastic can be used outside because of its water-resistant, temperature-resistant and

❑ Common Problems OR Disadvantages

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