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    Logic Families

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    Ajay Reddy
    The document discusses the main characteristics and types of logic families. The key characteristics of logic families include speed, fan-in, fan-out, noise immunity, and power dissipation. The main logic families are TTL, CMOS, and ECL. CMOS has low power consumption, high noise immunity, and is used over a wide voltage range, while TTL can source more current but uses more power. ECL is very fast but also has high power usage and low noise immunity.

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    Logic Families

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Reddy
    120 views14 pages
    The document discusses the main characteristics and types of logic families. The key characteristics of logic families include speed, fan-in, fan-out, noise immunity, and power dissipation. The main logic families are TTL, CMOS, and ECL. CMOS has low power consumption, high noise immunity, and is used over a wide voltage range, while TTL can source more current but uses more power. ECL is very fast but also has high power usage and low noise immunity.

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    12047_Logic Families

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    The document discusses the main characteristics and types of logic families. The key characteristics of logic families include speed, fan-in, fan-out, noise immunity, and power dissipation. The main logic families are TTL, CMOS, and ECL. CMOS has low power consumption, high noise immunity, and is used over a wide voltage range, while TTL can source more current but uses more power. ECL is very fast but also has high power usage and low noise immunity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    120 views14 pages

    Logic Families

    Uploaded by

    Ajay Reddy
    The document discusses the main characteristics and types of logic families. The key characteristics of logic families include speed, fan-in, fan-out, noise immunity, and power dissipation. The main logic families are TTL, CMOS, and ECL. CMOS has low power consumption, high noise immunity, and is used over a wide voltage range, while TTL can source more current but uses more power. ECL is very fast but also has high power usage and low noise immunity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Logic Families

    Basic Characteristics of Logic Families

    • The main characteristics of Logic families


    include:
    – Speed
    – Fan-in
    – Fan-out
    – Noise Immunity
    – Power Dissipation
    Contt..
    • Speed: Speed of a logic circuit is determined by
    the time between the application of input and
    change in the output of the circuit.
    • Fan-in:  It determines the number of inputs the
    logic gate can handle.
    • Fan-out: Determines the number of circuits that
    a gate can drive.
    • Noise Immunity: Maximum noise that a circuit
    can withstand without affecting the output.
    • Power: When a circuit switches from one state to
    the other, power dissipates.
    Types
    • TTL – transistor-transistor logic based on
    bipolar transistors.
    • CMOS – complementary metal-oxide
    semiconductor logic based on metal-oxide-
    semiconductor field effect transistors
    (MOSFETs).
    • ECL – emitter coupled logic based on bipolar
    transistors.
    General Characteristics of Basic Logic
    Families
    • CMOS consumes very little power, has
    excellent noise immunity, and is used with a
    wide range of voltages.
    • TTL can drive more current and uses more
    power than CMOS.
    • ECL is fast, with poor noise immunity and high
    power consumption.
    Complementary metal oxide
    semiconductor (CMOS)
    – most widely used family for large-scale devices
    – combines high speed with low power consumption
    – usually operates from a single supply of 5 – 15 V
    – excellent noise immunity of about 30% of supply
    voltage
    – can be connected to a large number of gates (about
    50)
    – many forms – some with tPD down to 1 ns
    – power consumption depends on speed (perhaps 1
    mW
    Transistor-transistor logic (TTL)

    – based on bipolar transistors


    – one of the most widely used families for small-
    and medium-scale devices – rarely used for VLSI
    – typically operated from 5V supply
    – typical noise immunity about 1 – 1.6 V
    – many forms, some optimised for speed, power,
    etc.
    – high speed versions comparable to CMOS (~ 1.5
    ns)
    – low-power versions down to about 1 mW/gate
    Emitter-coupled logic (ECL)
    – based on bipolar transistors, but removes
    problems of storage time by preventing the
    transistors from saturating
    – very fast operation - propagation delays of 1ns or
    less
    – high power consumption, perhaps 60 mW/gate
    – low noise immunity of about 0.2-0.25 V
    – used in some high speed specialist applications,
    but now largely replaced by high speed CMOS
    A Comparison of Logic Families
    A CMOS inverter
    CMOS gates
    Discrete TTL inverter and NAND gate
    circuits
    Noise immunity
    – noise is present in all real systems
    – this adds random fluctuations to voltages
    representing logic levels
    – to cope with noise, the voltage ranges defining
    the logic levels are more tightly constrained at the
    output of a gate than at the input
    – thus small amounts of noise will not affect the
    circuit
    – the maximum noise voltage that can be tolerated
    by a circuit is termed its noise immunity, VNI
    Key Points
    • Physical gates are not ideal components
    • Logic gates are manufactured in a range of logic
    families
    • The ability of a gate to ignore noise is its ‘noise
    immunity’
    • Both MOSFETs and bipolar transistors are used in gates
    • All logic gates exhibit a propagation delay when
    responding to changes in their inputs
    • The most widely used logic families are CMOS and TTL
    • CMOS is available in a range of forms offering high
    speed or very low power consumption
    • TTL logic is also produced in many versions, each
    optimised for a particular characteristic

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