INTRODUCTION

TO DRUG
EDUCATION
AND VICE
CONTROL
Knowledge Check:

What do you know

about substance
abuse or drug
abuse?

In your own
understanding,
define substance
abuse or drug
abuse.
Substance
1 Million or 10% of Abuse or Drug Abuse
Metro Manila’s population
are substance abusers.

Shabu which is also known as “poor man’s

cocaine” is becoming just that. A snort now
costs an affordable P100.00.

The Philippines is 2nd to Mexico among the

biggest Marijuana producers in the world. It is
a transit point for cocaine and heroin
shipments. Most of the heinous crimes
reported were committed by people high on
drugs.
 • A process of preventing,
managing and regulating
the use and exploitation
of drugs
• A chemical
substance used as a • An immoral or evil
medicine or in habit or practice
making medicines,
which affects the
body and mind and
have potential for
abuse

Drug Vice Vice

Control
 • Used to describe
dependence on drug.
• Originally associated
with narcotics.
• Has become a
• A process by which a • Use of chemical derogatory term
person is educated about substance, licit or because addiction has
aspects of drugs illicit which results been used in many
specifically those which in an individual’s different ways.
are known as dangerous physical, mental, • It is being replaced by
emotional or social the term “Drug
impairment. Dependence” in
technical circles.
Drug Drug Drug
Education Abuse Addiction
 • Exists when the effects
produced by the drug
have become necessary
Psychological for a person’s well-being.
Dependence It can be characterized by
behavior effects caused by
a compulsion to use the
drug.

• Exists only if withdrawal

symptoms occur when a
person stops the use of a
Physical
drug. Withdrawal
dependence
symptoms are physical
(such as vomiting and
muscle tremors).

• Is a physical condition
which develops in users of
certain drugs. When a
person develops
Tolerance
tolerance, he requires
larger amounts of the
drugs to produce the
same effects.

Drug dependence is a state of physical or psychological need or both

which results from continuous or periodic use of a drug.
 GENERAL HISTORY OF DRUGS
How Old?
 Drug use and abuse is as old as
mankind itself. Human beings have
always had a desire to eat or drink
substances that make them feel relaxed,
stimulated, or euphoric.

 Man’s use of chemical substances,

which alter his consciousness and
biological functioning, may be traced
back some two million years ago, during
the Old Stone Age.
 GENERAL HISTORY OF DRUGS
How Were These Drugs
Discovered?
 Home Remedies
These discoveries were to alleviate aches,
pains and other ailments. Most of these
preparations were herbs, roots, mushrooms
or fungi

How Are They

Administered?
 They have to be eaten, drunk, rubbed on
the skin, or inhaled to achieve the
desired effect
 GENERAL HISTORY OF DRUGS
Holy Bible
 The Book of Judges of the Old Testament
revealed that the mighty Samson was put to
sleep by Delilah by means of a drug-laced
wine before cutting his hair, and subsequently
gouged his eyes.

 Well before the beginning of the Christian era,

opium as known to the Greeks and Romans
as a drug on indulgence as well as poison
capable of use in acts of suicide and murder.
Neither the Greeks nor the Romans,
however, viewed the drugs as an article with
potential for international trade and
commerce.
 History of Known Drugs

1. Marijuana
 The world’s oldest
cultivated plant which
was started by the Inca’s
of Peru.  
 The Assyrians regard
Marijuana as a “sacred
tree” used in religious
rituals some 9,000 BC.
 History of Known Drugs
Spread of Marijuana
 The first reference of introduction was in Northern Iran as an
Intoxicant. From there it spread throughout India by Hindus
used for religious rituals in the belief that it is a source of
happiness and “laughter provoker”.
 The so-called “drug sub-culture” is not at all a new
phenomenon. It has been said that primitive people used a
variety of drugs to induce states of intoxication during religious
rites, or as in the case of the hashish, to prepare warriors for
battle.
 As early as 2700 (2737) B. C., MJ was known to the Chinese
Emperor Cheng Neng, and it appeared to have been
recommended for a number of ailments, including gout,
constipation and “absent-mindedness.”
 History of Known Drugs

•“Hashis” (resin)
 Derived from the name Hasan or
Hashasin, the Muslim cult leader
who fed his disciples a
preparation made from the resin
of the female hemp plant as a
reward for their successful
activities in assassinations.
 History of Known Drugs

1. Opium
 Knowledge on the opium
poppy plant (Papaver
Somniferum) goes back
about 7000 years BC
(4000-3000 years BC)
cultivated and prepared by
the Sumerians.
 History of Known Drugs

• Hippocrates
(Father of medicine)
 Prescribed juice of the
white poppy plant as early
as 5,000 BC in the belief
that it can cure many
illnesses.
 History of Known Drugs

• Spread of Opium
 First harvested in Mesopotamia
and its used spread throughout
the neighboring Mediterranean
areas, then to Asia. From there,
it was introduced to Persia,
India and China by the Arab
caravans.
 History of Known Drugs
• Opium War (1839-42)
 In an attempt to stop the extremely
high rate of opium addiction in
China, Emperor Yung Chen
prohibited the smoking of opium and
attempted to close ports for its
importation. This triggered the
opium war which induced China to
accept the British sponsored opium
trade and forced to sign a treaty
permitting the importation of opium
into China after her defeat.
 History of Known Drugs

• Second Opium War (1856)

 The British, with the help from
the French, extend their powers
to distribute opium in China.
 History of Known Drugs
• Heroin
  It was called the “miracle drug”
because it is believed that it can
cure both opium and morphine
addiction. It was named after the
word “hero” due to its impressive
power.
 Physicians began to use heroin
but it became a substitution of
one addiction to another. It turns
out later that heroin is the most
addictive of all drugs.
 History of Known Drugs

• Codeine 
 Meanwhile, codeine, the
third derivative of opium
was discovered in France
while in the process of
discovering other drugs that
could cure opium, morphine
and heroin addiction but it
also ended in the same tragic
result.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

 Very little is known about drugs in

the Philippines during the pre-
Spanish era.

 Fermented alcoholic beverages and

“nga-nga” were the preferred drugs.
Narcotics, including marijuana,
were not in the list of vices in the
country at that time.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

 In the Philippines, betel chewing is

referred to as nga-nga: nga-nga as
the composite of ingredients, nag-
nga-nga-nga as betel chewing.

 Betel chewing used to be prevalent

in the Philippines, from the
Cordillera mountains in the north to
the Muslim communities in the
south.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•Spanish Era, 1780

 The use of opium by the

Filipinos is prohibited except for
the Chinese who are allowed to
use opium to sustain their vice.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
•American Regime
 1901 - Americans took over the
Philippine Government and
established Civil Government. A
systematic survey on drug abuse was
conducted and found out that there
were 190 joints (users of drugs) but
the habit had not yet gained foothold
among Filipinos.
 1906 - Partial legislation allowed
Chinese addicts to obtain a license to
use opium in their homes for a fee of
P5.00.
 1908 - Total ban of opium was
effected.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
•Japanese Stay
 1946 - All suppliers of opium were cut and
during this period, the number of drug
addicts was probably the lowest in Asia.
 1947 - Syndicates/Gangs in the Philippines
The first is the Binondo Based Chinese
Gang known as the Bamboo Gang which is
based in Taiwan.
The second is the 14K Gang which is also
based in Hong Kong are operating in the
Philippines.
The third is the Filipino-Chinese Syndicate
that is responsible in smuggling shabu in the
country using Taiwan and Hong Kong as
embarkation point to the Philippines.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•In 1953
 R.A. 953 (Narcotics Law of 1953)
was enacted which provided for the
registration of collection, and the
imposition of fixed and special
taxes upon all persons who
produce, import, manufacture,
compound, etc. marijuana, opium
poppies, or coca leaves or any
synthetic drugs which are declared
as habit forming.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
 The law also declared as a matter of
national policy, the prohibition of the
cultivation of marijuana and
opium poppy.

 The Philippines has been relatively

drug heroin-free until the early 60’s
when small heroin laboratories
opened in Manila. In 1963, new
trends appeared. There was a waning
of opium addiction among the
Chinese but a concurrent increase
among the Filipinos, just the latter
contributed 63% of the total arrests
from drug offenses.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
•1960s
 The Philippines through its government
restrictions ban of opium trade and creation
of RA 953, was declared as Heroin Free but
for a short time. However, a small heroin
laboratory was raided in Manila.

•1972, Promulgation of RA No. 6425

 This law is otherwise known as the
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 was
signed into law by then President Ferdinand
E. Marcos on March 30, 1972.
 This law strengthens the prohibition of
cultivation, possession and use of Marijuana
as well as other dangerous drugs and essential
precursors and chemicals.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•PD No. 44, A Drug Law

 is one of the decrees issued by
President Ferdinand E. Marcos in
1970s that amends certain
provisions of RA No. 6425.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•Dangerous Drug Board (DDB)

 On November 14, 1972, the
DDB was organized to provide
leadership, direction and
coordination in the effective
implementation of R.A. 6425.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•1975-1980, The increase of

Marijuana Cultivation
 The cultivation of Marijuana
increased and became
geographically widespread in the
Philippines.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•May 1984, Coca plant cultivation

 Coca plant was cultivated in San
Rafael, Ilo-Ilo, Philippines which
was later on discovered by
authorities (Martinez, 2011).
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•1990s, Marijuana is No. 1 Drug

 Choice According to the DDB’s
report, Marijuana is number 1
drug choice of drug abusers in
the country due to its cheap price
and accessibility.
 The production of Marijuana
increased but with inflation in
the illicit market, making the
demand slows down.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
•September 4, 1996, Promulgation of
RA No. 8203
 It is hereby the policy of the State to
protect and promote the right to
health of the people and instils
health consciousness among them as
provided in Section 15 Article 11 of
the Constitution, thereby creating
this law that prohibits counterfeit
drugs and penalizes violations
thereof.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING

•20th Century, Methamphetamine

Hydrocholoride (Shabu)
 Based on latest statistics of
report and arrests, Shabu
replaced marijuana as the
number one drug choice.
 PHILIPPINE SETTING
•June 7, 2002, Signing of RA No. 9165
 otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002 was signed into law by
President Gloria M. Arroyo and took
effect on July 1, 2002.
 This new and existing law on drugs in
the country made the penalties higher
as well as the quantities of dangerous
drugs.
 The highest penalty under this law is
Death (now it is life imprisonment
because of RA 9346 of 2006).