3 Ecosystem and The Levels of Organization

Ecosystem and the Levels
of Organization
LESSON OBJECTIVES
oDescribe an ecosystem
oDistinguish the different levels
of organization
oDescribe biotic and abiotic
parts of an ecosystem
2
What is Ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a community of living
organisms (plants, animals, and
microbes) in conjunction with the
nonliving components of their
environment (air, water, and mineral soil),
interacting as a system.
3
ECOLOGY
The study of living organisms
and the ways in which they
interact with their physical
environment and with each
other.
4
ECOLOGY
The scientific study of the
inter-relationship of plants,
animals, and the
environment.
5
ECOLOGY
It comes from the Greek
word “oikos” meaning
“house.”
It was coined by German
scientist Ernst Haeckel.
6
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Atom Molecules Organelle Cell
Organism Organ system Organ Tissue
Population Community Ecosystem
Biosphere
7
“
Quotations are commonly printed
as a means of inspiration and to
invoke philosophical thoughts
from the reader.
8
ATOM
is the smallest particles of
matter
9
MOLECULES
Basic chemical units that
makes up the parts of the cell
10
ORGANELLE
Part of a cell
11
CELL
It is the smallest unit of living
things
12
TISSUE
It is the group of similar cells
13
ORGAN
It is the group of differentiated
tissues work together doing the
same work
14
ORGAN SYSTEM
Basic chemical unit that makes
up the parts of the cell
15
ORGANISM
It is an individual living thing
either plant or animal
16
POPULATION
It is the group of similar
organisms occupying in the
same area
17
COMMUNITY
It is the group of different
populations interacting with
one another
18
ECOSYSTEM
It is the group of communities
interacting with their physical
factors
19
BIOSPHERE
It refers to all the ecosystem on
Earth with the physical
environment
20
COMPONENTS OF THE
ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC FACTORS
It is the interactive relationship among
biotic factors in the environment.
ABIOTIC FACTORS
It is the interactive relationship among
physical factors in the environment.
22
ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS
◍ Water ◍ Plants
◍ Sunlight ◍ Animals
◍ Soil ◍ Microorganisms
◍ Oxygen ◍ All living things
23
WAT E R
Water is an important
ecological factor. It is an
inorganic substance which
plays an important role in
the ecosystem.
It brings about changes in
the life forms of plants and
animals.
24
Different Types of Plants
According to Water
Requirements
TROPOPHYTES
◍ These plants can adapt it
year after year where
seasonal changes bring
mark change in the
amount of available
water from the soil.
26
MESOPHYTES
◍ Most of our plants
bearing flowers and fruits
are classified as
mesophytes. They need a
moderate a moderate
supply of water for their
substance.
27
XEROPHYTES
◍ Plants that can tolerate
where water supply is
very scanty
28
HYDROPHYTES
◍ These plants thrive in
places where the amount
of water is abundant:
usually fresh water plants
are called hydrophytes.
29
HALOPHYTES
◍ Plants thriving in a place
where the water available
contains much dissolved salts.
The sea or oceans where
plants inhabit have abundant
supply of water, but due to its
concentration, the plant
absorbs it with difficulty.
30
SOIL
The soil is another
important ecological
factor. On land, the
character of the soil
determines largely the
character of vegetation
and the types of animals
that maintain themselves
upon on it.
31
Types of Soil
LOAM
◍ Soil which is good for
agriculture and made
up of particles of
gravel sand and clay
with the addition of
organic materials
called humus, with 1
in diameter.
33
CLAY
◍ Smallest inorganic
particle of soil compared
with silt and sand. It
retains water before
drying; it is sticky and not
suitable for plant growth.
It is often damp and
poorly drained.
34
SILT
◍ Made up of very fine
particles of soil and
clay, deposited as
sediments.
35
SANDY
◍ Inorganic soil particles
that are larger than a clay
or silt. Plants do not
grow well because water
goes rapidly through
spaces between
particles, and water dries
quickly.
36
37
SUNLIGHT
Light is an important physical
factor. Without light, life on
earth would be impossible.
The process of
photosynthesis on which
organisms depend on the
manufacture of food, does
not take place except in the
presence of light.
38
TEMPERATURE
Environmental temperature is
an important factor because
of its effect in metabolism.
Temperature in sunlight and

in shade differ and influence
animals in their selection of
habitat.
39
OXYGEN
Without oxygen, humans
would not be able to live.
Oxygen is produced by green
plants through the process of
photosynthesis, and is
therefore directly linked to
sunlight.
40
CLASSIFICATION OF
BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN ORGANISMS
INTRASPECIFIC INTERSPECIFIC
Relationship that Different species must
includes mating, struggle with each other
assistance, for food and space.
gorgeousness, and Since many species use
competition. Organisms other kinds of animals
belonging to the same for food, each habitat
species must compete includes predaceous
with one another for animals.
space, food, and mates.
42
43
GENERALIZATION
Do abiotic factors affect the

biotic parts of an
ecosystem? How?
44
GENERALIZATION
If there is no water, anything

cannot grow or survive.
If there is extremely cold
winter, it will affect animals.
45
ACTIVITY Organize the following words into two lists,
BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors.
◍ Clouds Snake climate
• Deer ◍ Rain mountain sand
• Lake ◍ Moss mud sunlight
• Soil
• Minerals ◍ Leaf air polar bear
• Temperature ◍ Wind moon fire
• Maple tree
• Eagle
◍ Oxygen ice raspberry
• Raccoon ◍ People cell volcanoes
• Earthworm
◍ Rocks tulip gold
• Salamander
46
Thanks for listening!
47

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Ecosystem and the Levels

Atom Molecules Organelle Cell

Organism Organ system Organ Tissue

Population Community Ecosystem

Temperature in sunlight and

Do abiotic factors affect the

If there is no water, anything

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