Agro Ecology

AGROECOLOGY
Practical module
Achmad nizar SST.M.Sc
Vocational college of Agricultural extension of Malang

GOALS
• The goal of agroecology is to develop and
manage sustainable agroecosystems. It is a
holistic approach to agriculture and
agricultural development that links ecology,
socioeconomics and culture to sustain
agricultural production, farming communities,
and environmental health.
ECOSYSTEM
• The study of ecosystems became
increasingly sophisticated in the later
20th century.
• It is now instrumental in assessing and controlling

the environmental effects of agricultural
development and industrialization.
ECOSYSTEM
Complex of living organisms, their

physical environment, and all their
interrelationship in a particular
unit of space
Abiotic Biotic
ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic
Biotic
(non biological)
•minerals
•Climate
•Biotic
•Soil constituently
•Water consist all of
•Sunlight
•All other nonliving
living
elements organism
ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic Biotic
Two major forces link

these constituents:
the flow of energy
and the cycling of
nutrients
ECOSYSTEM
• The fundamental source of
energy in almost all ecosystems
is radiant energy from the sun;
energy and organic matter are
passed along an ecosystem's
food chain.
CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM
plants
An
ecosystem
local is a animals
atmosphere complete
community
of living
organisms
and the
nonliving
water sources
materials Micro
of their organisms
surroundin
gs
soil, rocks, and
minerals
The size of ecosystems
The size of ecosystems varies
tremendously
An ecosystem could be an entire rain
forest, covering
a geographical area larger than many
nations
puddle
Backyard garden
body of an animal
ecosystems have influenced
civilizations
HOW IT WORKS?
Earth could be considered a massive ecosystem, in which the living and nonliving worlds interact
through four major subsystems
Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

HOW IT WORKS?
Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

•planet's
waters,
•the soil and
•all
•oxygen the extreme
•Carbon
except for
moisture
upper
portion of
living
dioxide in the the
continental
thing
atmospher
e crust s
• An ecosystem is an
extraordinarily complex
environment that brings
together biological,
geologic, hydrologic, and
atmospheric components to
another way
THE LAW THERMODYNAMIC
The first law thermodynamic
Energy
can be Energy can’t
changed
Energy can’t be
created be
to other disappeared
form
The second law thermodynamic
Energy transfers cannot be perfectly efficient
• The energy occurred as long as the declined or degradation

FOOD WEB
P
e r te
l n rt
r TROPIC LEVEL
bi i
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vor
unor
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1 51 r
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- 1x 2
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1 x
Grouping organisms
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Producers
With the help of sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and minerals as
well as a very unique pigment called the chlorophyll; green plants
prepare their food by the process of photosynthesis
The producers of the food on the planet of earth are the

green plants and certain blue-green algae. They produce
food by making organic compounds like sugar and starch
from inorganic substances using the radiant energy of the
sun.
Consumers
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.
Depending on the kind of food they feed on you can divide
consumers into a) primary consumers, b) secondary consumers
and c) tertiary consumers and so on
Primary consumers Secondary consumers Tertiary consumers

consumers
Primary consumers are those who feed on producers
or green plants and their products Examples, insects,
like grasshoppers, and animals like cows, rabbits
Secondary consumers are those who feed on

primary consumers. Frog is an example of a
secondary consumer
Tertiary consumers are those who feed on

secondary consumers. For example, snake.
Decomposers
The decomposers breakdown the complex organic substances

into simple inorganic substances and these substances get mixed
into the soil.
This is how the cycle of production, consumption and

decomposition goes on to sustain life in our environment.

Agro Ecology

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AGROECOLOGY

Achmad nizar SST.M.Sc

Vocational college of Agricultural extension of Malang

• It is now instrumental in assessing and controlling

Complex of living organisms, their

Two major forces link

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

The first law thermodynamic

Energy transfers cannot be perfectly efficient

• The energy occurred as long as the declined or degradation

The producers of the food on the planet of earth are the

Primary consumers Secondary consumers Tertiary consumers

Secondary consumers are those who feed on

Tertiary consumers are those who feed on

The decomposers breakdown the complex organic substances

This is how the cycle of production, consumption and

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