Lesson2 Envi - Sci

ECOLOGICAL
CONCEPTS AND
PRINCIPLES
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
LEARNING COMPETNECY
• Describe the different ecological
principles and concepts.
• Environment
- components of Environment
TOPIC - Domains of Environment
• Ecology
OUTLINE - Two types of Ecology
• Ecosystem
- Types of ecosystem
ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY
- the study of the relationship
between living organisms,
including humans and their
physical environment
TWO TYPES OF ECOLOGY
AUTECOLOGY- this is the study of the relationship
between an individual or a species of organism and its
environment.
SYNECOLOGY- this is the study of the relationship

between several individuals or several species of
organisms and their environment.
ENVIRONMENT
COMPONENTS OF
ENVIRONMENT
LITOSPHERE- rocks and ATMOSPHERE- thin layer of
minerals. The land where we gases that exist above earth
stand surface
BIOSPEHERE- living
HYDROSPHERE- water
organisms. All the living
bodies, liquid component of
components of the Earth
the Earth.
Land, Water and air uniquely
interact with each other that
makes life possible.
All this four domains interact
and coordinate with each
other.
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
- a geographic area where plants and animals and

other organisms as well as weather and landscape
work together to form a bubble of life.
-Ecosystem vary in size, some are small
enough to contained with single dropped of
water , while others are large enough to
encompass entire regions.
COMPONENTS OF
ECOSYSTEM
ABIOTIC - non living, non BIOTIC- living, biological

biological components of components of the
environment. environment.
example: Sunlight, example: Plants,
water, temperature, sand, animals, Humans,
soil microorganisms
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
PRODUCERS:
- organisms that produce food for themselves and
other organisms
- also called as autotrophs
- example: plants
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
CONSUMERS:
- organisms that depend on other organisms for food.
- also called as heterotrophs
- example: animals and fungi
- they are classified on what they eat.
TYPES OF CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES:
- they eat plants
- they are also called the primary consumers
CARNIVORES:
- they eat animals
- also called secondary consumers
OMNIVORES:
- eat both plants and animals
- also called tertiary consumers
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
DECOMPOSERS:
- organisms that break down dead or
decaying organisms
- they are essential to the ecosystem as they
help in recycling nutrients to be reused by
plants.
TYPES OF DECOMPOSERS
SCAVENGERS:
- consume soft tissue of animals
- vultures, racoons, blowflies
DETRIVORES:
- consume dead leaves, animal feces
- earthworms, millipedes, catfish
SAPROTROPHS:
- they feed on any remaining organic matter left
after other decomposers
- fungi, bacteria
TYPES OF
ECOSYSTEM
• Terrestrial Ecosystem
• Aquatic Ecosystem
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM
- land based ecosystem
Different types of Terrestrial Ecosystem:

• Forest Ecosystem
• Grassland Ecosystem
• Tundra Ecosystem
• Desert Ecosystem
FOREST
ECOSYSTEM
A forest ecosystem consists of

several plants, particularly
trees, animals and
microorganisms that live in
coordination with the abiotic
factors of the environment.
GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
In a grassland ecosystem, the

vegetation is dominated by
grasses and herbs.
TUNDRA
ECOSYSTEM
Tundra ecosystems are devoid of

trees and are found in cold climates
or where rainfall is scarce. These are
covered with snow for most of the
year. Tundra type of ecosystem is
found in the Arctic or mountain tops.
DESERT
ECOSYSTEM
Deserts are found throughout the

world. These are regions with little
rainfall and scarce vegetation. The
days are hot, and the nights are cold.
AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
- water based ecosystem
Different types of Aquatic Ecosystem:

• Freshwater Ecosystem
• Marine Ecosystem
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM
The freshwater ecosystem is an

aquatic ecosystem that includes
lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and
wetlands.
These have no salt content in
contrast with the marine ecosystem.
MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
The marine ecosystem includes seas

and oceans. These have a more
substantial salt content and greater
biodiversity in comparison to the
freshwater ecosystem.
IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL
CONCEPTS
• Food Chain
• Ecological Pyramids
• Food Web
FOOD CHAIN
- the sequence of transfers of

matter and energy in the form of
food from organism to organism.
ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMIDS
- An ecological pyramid is the

graphical representation of the
number, energy, and biomass of the
successive trophic levels of an
ecosystem.
FOOD WEB
Food web is a network of

interconnected food chains. It
comprises all the food chains within
a single ecosystem.
RECAP
ECOLOGY is a study of the relationship of living
and non living this.
ECOSYSTEM is a geographic area where plants and

animals and other organisms as well as weather
and landscape work together to form a bubble of
life.
RECAP
BIOTIC- living things
ABIOTIC- non living things
HYDROSPHERE- water
LITOSPHERE- land
ATMOSPHERE- air
BIOSPHERE- life
RECAP
2 TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
• Terrestrial Ecosystem
- Forest
- Grassland
- Tundra
- Desert
2. Aquatic Ecosystem
- Freshwater
- Marine
THANK YOU!
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ECOLOGICAL

SYNECOLOGY- this is the study of the relationship

- a geographic area where plants and animals and

ABIOTIC - non living, non BIOTIC- living, biological

Different types of Terrestrial Ecosystem:

A forest ecosystem consists of

In a grassland ecosystem, the

Tundra ecosystems are devoid of

Deserts are found throughout the

Different types of Aquatic Ecosystem:

The freshwater ecosystem is an

The marine ecosystem includes seas

- the sequence of transfers of

- An ecological pyramid is the

Food web is a network of

ECOSYSTEM is a geographic area where plants and

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