Gravitation and Central Forces
Gravitation and Central Forces
Gravitation and Central Forces
the sphere
the mass element of
the sphere
• The mass element of the sphere is
• The gravitational force exerted on P by a small sub element Q
of the ring (which we regard as a particle) resolve into two
components:
one component along P0, of magnitude ΔFQ cos 0,
the other perpendicular to P0, of magnitude
From symmetry we can easily see that the vector sum of all of
the perpendicular components exerted on P by the whole ring
vanishes. The force ΔF exerted by the entire ring is, therefore
the total AFQ cos is :
• Check the triangle OPQ
• Differentiating under
the variation of θ and s
THIS
Contoh:
Sebuah partikel berada di dalam sebuah medan sentral pada
orbit spiral dengan persamaan posisinya dituliskan sebagai,
Gunakan persamaan
diferensial dari gerak partikel :
maka,
Kepler's Second Law: Equal Areas
• Conservation of Angular Momentum
Kepler's second law stated that the angular momentum of a
planet about the Sun is a conserved quantity. Its conservation
is a general consequence of the central nature of the
gravitational force.
• The angular momentum of a particle located a vector distance
r from a given origin and moving with momentum p is defined
to be the quantity L = r x p. The time derivative of this
quantity is
because
then
Angular Momentum and Areal Velocity of a
Particle Moving in a Central Field
We first calculate the magnitude of the angular momentum of a
particle moving in a central field. We use polar coordinates to describe
the motion. The velocity of the particle is
Solusi:
Gunakan sistem koordinat polar (r,θ). Terdapat 2 komponen
kecepatan ;
Hitung periode
geraknya:
maka :
• Geometri dari ellips memberikan informasi bahwa,
dimana
ingat bahwa
.......
*
(
• To apply the test for conservativeness, we calculate the
curl of F :