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    Basic Concepts: What Is Discourse? What Is Discourse Analysis?

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    IJ Villocino
    Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how it functions in social contexts. It examines both written and spoken communication, including conversations, stories, advertisements, newspapers and other texts. Discourse analysis focuses on understanding how language is used in real-life situations to communicate values and accomplish specific goals. It differs from linguistic analysis by emphasizing the contextual meaning of language and how people use language to achieve effects like building trust or managing conflict. Discourse analysis studies language on a larger scale than sounds or words, instead analyzing entire conversations, texts or collections of texts on multiple levels.

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    Basic Concepts: What Is Discourse? What Is Discourse Analysis?

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    IJ Villocino
    35 views22 pages
    Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how it functions in social contexts. It examines both written and spoken communication, including conversations, stories, advertisements, newspapers and other texts. Discourse analysis focuses on understanding how language is used in real-life situations to communicate values and accomplish specific goals. It differs from linguistic analysis by emphasizing the contextual meaning of language and how people use language to achieve effects like building trust or managing conflict. Discourse analysis studies language on a larger scale than sounds or words, instead analyzing entire conversations, texts or collections of texts on multiple levels.

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    3. Discourse Analysis

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    Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how it functions in social contexts. It examines both written and spoken communication, including conversations, stories, advertisements, newspapers and other texts. Discourse analysis focuses on understanding how language is used in real-life situations to communicate values and accomplish specific goals. It differs from linguistic analysis by emphasizing the contextual meaning of language and how people use language to achieve effects like building trust or managing conflict. Discourse analysis studies language on a larger scale than sounds or words, instead analyzing entire conversations, texts or collections of texts on multiple levels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    35 views22 pages

    Basic Concepts: What Is Discourse? What Is Discourse Analysis?

    Uploaded by

    IJ Villocino
    Discourse analysis is the study of language in use and how it functions in social contexts. It examines both written and spoken communication, including conversations, stories, advertisements, newspapers and other texts. Discourse analysis focuses on understanding how language is used in real-life situations to communicate values and accomplish specific goals. It differs from linguistic analysis by emphasizing the contextual meaning of language and how people use language to achieve effects like building trust or managing conflict. Discourse analysis studies language on a larger scale than sounds or words, instead analyzing entire conversations, texts or collections of texts on multiple levels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    Basic Concepts

    What is discourse?
    What is discourse analysis?
    Discourse
    Widdowson (1984)
    A communicative process by means of interaction

    Gumper (1977)
    A certain communication routines characterized by special rules of speech and non-
    verbal behavior, and often distinguished by clearly recognized openings and closings.

    Fairlough (1992)
    Identifies that in social theory and analysis, discourse has been used to refer to different ways
    of structuring areas of knowledge and social practice.

    Van Dijk (1998)


    Discourse has a role of expressing ideologies, power, dominance, inequality, and bias.
    What are they?

    Conversation, debates, warning,


    advertisement, stories, spoken
    announcements, etc.

    Letters, newspaper content,


    magazines, memo, announcements,
    leaflets, etc.
    Discourse Analysis

    The study of the relationship between language and


    its contexts.
    Discourse analysis is not only concerned with the
    description and analysis of spoken interaction but
    also written interaction.

    (McCarthy, 1991)
    Discourse Analysis

    Discourse analysis is the analysis of language in


    use. Better put, it is the study of language at use
    in the world, not just to say things, but to do
    things.

    (Gee, 2011)
    Discourse Analysis

    Discourse analysis studies more critically to


    examine issue relating to power, inequality and
    ideology.

    (Baker and Ellece, 2011)


    Discourse Analysis
    Discourse analysis is a research method for
    studying written or spoken language in relation
    to its social context. It aims to understand how
    language is used in real life situations.

    (Luo, 2020)
    • The purposes and effects of different
    types of language
    What is the • Cultural rules and conventions in
    focus of communication
    discourse • How values, beliefs and assumptions
    analysis? are communicated
    • How language use relates to its
    social, political and historical context
    Conducting discourse analysis means
    examining how language functions and
    What is how meaning is created in different
    discourse social contexts.
    analysis
    used for? It can be applied to any instance of
    written or oral language, as well as non-
    verbal aspects of communication such
    as tone and gestures.
    • Books, newspapers and periodicals
    What are the
    materials
    • Marketing material, such as
    brochures and advertisements
    suitable for
    discourse
    • Business and government documents

    analysis? • Websites, forums, social media posts


    and comments
    • Interviews and conversations
    How is
    discourse
    analysis • Unlike linguistic approaches that
    focus only on the rules of language
    different
    use, discourse analysis emphasizes
    from other the contextual meaning of language.
    methods?
    How is
    discourse • It focuses on the social aspects of
    analysis communication and the ways people
    use language to achieve specific
    different
    effects (e.g. to build trust, to create
    from other doubt, to evoke emotions, or to
    methods? manage conflict).
    How is • Instead of focusing on smaller units
    discourse of language, such as sounds, words
    analysis or phrases, discourse analysis is used
    to study larger chunks of language,
    different
    such as entire conversations, texts, or
    from other collections of texts. The selected
    methods? sources can be analyzed on multiple
    levels.
    Discourse Elements
    for Analysis
    Vocabulary, Grammar, Genre, Non-verbal
    Communication, and Conversational Codes
    Vocabulary

    What is analyzed?
    • Words and phrases can be analyzed for ideological
    associations, formality, and euphemistic and
    metaphorical content.

    DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    Grammar

    What is analyzed?
    • The structure of a text can be analyzed for how it
    creates emphasis or builds a narrative.

    DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    Genre

    What is analyzed?
    • Texts can be analyzed in relation to the
    conventions and communicative aims of their
    genre (e.g. political speeches or tabloid newspaper
    articles).

    DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    Non-verbal Communication

    What is analyzed?
    • Non-verbal aspects of speech, such as tone of
    voice, pauses, gestures, and sounds like “um”, can
    reveal aspects of a speaker’s intentions, attitudes,
    and emotions.

    DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    Conversational Codes

    What is analyzed?
    • The interaction between people in a conversation,
    such as turn-taking, interruptions and listener
    response, can reveal aspects of cultural
    conventions and social roles.

    DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    CRITICAL DISCOURSE
    ANALYSIS
    CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    END

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