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    Exponential Function

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    KaeyTV
    This document discusses exponential functions and equations. It defines exponential functions as functions of the form f(x) = bx, where b is the base. The key properties of exponential functions are that their domain is all real numbers and their range is (0, infinity). The document provides examples of graphing common exponential functions with bases of 2, 1/2, and e. It also discusses laws of exponents and solving exponential equations by setting exponents equal when bases are the same.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exponential Function

    Uploaded by

    KaeyTV
    50 views23 pages
    This document discusses exponential functions and equations. It defines exponential functions as functions of the form f(x) = bx, where b is the base. The key properties of exponential functions are that their domain is all real numbers and their range is (0, infinity). The document provides examples of graphing common exponential functions with bases of 2, 1/2, and e. It also discusses laws of exponents and solving exponential equations by setting exponents equal when bases are the same.

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    This document discusses exponential functions and equations. It defines exponential functions as functions of the form f(x) = bx, where b is the base. The key properties of exponential functions are that their domain is all real numbers and their range is (0, infinity). The document provides examples of graphing common exponential functions with bases of 2, 1/2, and e. It also discusses laws of exponents and solving exponential equations by setting exponents equal when bases are the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    50 views23 pages

    Exponential Function

    Uploaded by

    KaeyTV
    This document discusses exponential functions and equations. It defines exponential functions as functions of the form f(x) = bx, where b is the base. The key properties of exponential functions are that their domain is all real numbers and their range is (0, infinity). The document provides examples of graphing common exponential functions with bases of 2, 1/2, and e. It also discusses laws of exponents and solving exponential equations by setting exponents equal when bases are the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Exponential Functions and Equation

    ◆ Exponential Functions
    ◆ Exponential Equation
    Exponential Functions
    Exponential Function
    ◆ The function defined by

    is called an exponential
    function with base b and
    exponent x.
    ◆ The domain of f is the set of all
    real numbers.
    Example

    ◆ The exponential function with base 2 is


    the function

    with domain (– ∞, ∞).


    ◆ The values of f(x) for selected values of
    x follow:
    Example
    ◆ The exponential function with base 2 is the function

    with domain (– ∞, ∞).


    ◆ The values of f(x) for selected values of x follow:
    Laws of Exponents

    ◆ Let a and b be positive numbers and let x


    and y be real numbers. Then,

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.
    Examples

    ◆ Let f(x) = 22x – 1. Find the value of x for


    which f(x) = 16.
    Solution
    ◆ We want to solve the equation
    22x – 1 = 16 = 24
    ◆ But this equation holds if and only if
    2x – 1 = 4
    giving x = .
    Examples

    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential


    function f(x) = 2x.
    Solution
    ◆ First, recall that the domain of this
    function is the set of real numbers.
    ◆ Next, putting x = 0 gives y = 20 = 1,
    which is the y-intercept.
    (There is no x-intercept, since there is no
    value of x for which y = 0)
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = 2x.
    Solution
    ◆ Now, consider a few values for x:

    x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
    y 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 4 8 16 32

    ◆ Note that 2x approaches zero as x decreases without bound:


    ✦ There is a horizontal asymptote at y = 0.
    ◆ Furthermore, 2x increases without bound when x increases
    without bound.
    ◆ Thus, the range of f is the interval (0, ∞).
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = 2x.
    Solution
    ◆ Finally, sketch the graph:

    y
    4
    f(x) = 2x

    x
    –2 2
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function
    f(x) = (1/2)x.
    Solution
    ◆ First, recall again that the domain of this
    function is the set of real numbers.
    ◆ Next, putting x = 0 gives y = (1/2)0 = 1, which
    is the y-intercept.
    (There is no x-intercept, since there is no
    value of x for which y = 0)
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = (1/2)x.
    Solution
    ◆ Now, consider a few values for x:

    x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
    y 32 16 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32

    ◆ Note that (1/2)x increases without bound when x decreases


    without bound.
    ◆ Furthermore, (1/2)x approaches zero as x increases without
    bound: there is a horizontal asymptote at y = 0.
    ◆ As before, the range of f is the interval (0, ∞).
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = (1/2)x.
    Solution
    ◆ Finally, sketch the graph:

    y
    4

    f(x) = (1/2)x

    x
    –2 2
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = (1/2)x.
    Solution
    ◆ Note the symmetry between the two functions:

    y
    4
    f(x) = 2x

    f(x) = (1/2)x

    x
    –2 2
    Properties of Exponential Functions

    ◆ The exponential function y = bx (b > 0,


    b ≠ 1) has the following properties:
    1. Its domain is (– ∞, ∞).
    2. Its range is (0, ∞).
    3. Its graph passes through the point
    (0, 1)
    4. It is continuous on (– ∞, ∞).
    5. It is increasing on (– ∞, ∞) if b > 1
    and decreasing on (– ∞, ∞) if b < 1.
    The Base e
    ◆ Exponential functions to the base e, where e is an
    irrational number whose value is 2.7182818…,
    play an important role in both theoretical and
    applied problems.
    ◆ It can be shown that
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = ex.
    Solution
    ◆ Since ex > 0 it follows that the graph of y = ex is similar to the
    graph of y = 2x.
    ◆ Consider a few values for x:

    x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
    y 0.05 0.14 0.37 1 2.72 7.39 20.09
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = ex.
    Solution
    ◆ Sketching the graph:

    y
    5 f(x) = ex

    x
    –3 –1 1 3
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = e–x.
    Solution
    ◆ Since e–x > 0 it follows that 0 < 1/e < 1 and so
    f(x) = e–x = 1/ex = (1/e)x is an exponential function with
    base less than 1.
    ◆ Therefore, it has a graph similar to that of y = (1/2)x.
    ◆ Consider a few values for x:

    x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
    y 20.09 7.39 2.72 1 0.37 0.14 0.05
    Examples
    ◆ Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = e–x.
    Solution
    ◆ Sketching the graph:

    y
    5

    1
    f(x) = e–x
    x
    –3 –1 1 3
    Solving Exponential Equations
    and Inequalities
     Exponential Equation – unknown variables are
    the exponents.
     If two powers are equal and they have the same
    base, then the exponents must be the same
     ex. if bx = ay and a = b, then x = y.
     If two powers are equal and they have the same
    exponents, then the bases must be the same
     ex. if bx = ay and x = y, then a = b.
    To Solve Exponential Equations:
    1. Rewrite the Equation/Inequality so that the
    BASES are the same number.
    a. If the base is a number, just break it down with a
    factor tree.
    b. If the base is a fraction, FIRST write as a whole
    number by using negative exponents.
    2. Once the bases are equal, you can set the
    exponents equal to each other and solve.
    3. Check your solution!
    End

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