Exponential Logarithmic

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Exponential and Logarithmic

Functions

 Exponential Functions

 Logarithmic Functions

 Exponential Functions as
Mathematical Models
Exponential Functions

y
4
f(x) = 2x

f(x) = (1/2)x

x
–2 2
 The function defined by

f ( x)  b x
(b  0, b  1)
is called an exponential function
with base b and exponent x.
 The domain of f is the set of all
real numbers.
Example
 The exponential function with base 2 is the
function

with domain (– , ).


 The values of f(x) for selected values of x follow:

f (3)  2  8
3

 3
f    23/2  2  21/2  2 2
2
f (3)  20  1
 The exponential function with base 2 is the function

f ( x)  2 x

with domain (– , ).


 The values of f(x) for selected values of x follow:
1 1
f ( 1)  2 
2

 2 2/3 1 1
f     2  2/3  3
 3 2 4
Laws of Exponents
 Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = 2x.
Solution
 Now, consider a few values for x:

 Note that 2x approaches zero as x decreases without


bound:
✦ There is a horizontal asymptote at y = 0.
 Furthermore, 2x increases without bound when x
increases without bound.
 Thus, the range of f is the interval (0, ).
 Sketch the graph of the exponential function f(x) = 2x.
Solution
 Finally, sketch the graph:

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