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    Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life (Part 1)

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    Nur-aine Hajijul
    inorganic chemistry

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    Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life (Part 1)

    Uploaded by

    Nur-aine Hajijul
    23 views11 pages
    inorganic chemistry

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    Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life (part 1)

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    inorganic chemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views11 pages

    Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life (Part 1)

    Uploaded by

    Nur-aine Hajijul
    inorganic chemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    CHAPTER3

    THE CHEMISTRY OF
    LIFE
    LEARNING OUTCOMES:

    • Familiarize the concept of matter


    • Differentiate the properties of acids and bases
    • Understanding the structure and function of important
    molecules for life.
    THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
    • Everything that has mass and takes up space, including you
    and the rest of life on Earth, is made of matter. Atoms
    make up molecules, which make up the substance of living
    things. Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
    are four kinds of molecules that are especially important
    to the structure and function of organisms. In this chapter,
    we present a bit of the basic chemistry that’s essential for
    understanding biology.
    EXPLORING WHY MATTER
    MATTERS
    • Matter is the stuff of life — literally. Every living thing is made of
    matter. In order to grow, living things must get more matter to
    build new structures. When living things die, be they plants or
    animals, microbes such as bacteria and fungi digest the dead
    matter and recycle it so that other living things can use it again.
    In fact, pretty much all the matter on Earth has been here since
    the planet formed 4.5 billion years ago; it has just been recycled
    since then.
    THE DIFFERENCES AMONG ATOMS,
    ELEMENTS, AND ISOTOPES

    • All matter is composed of elements. When you break


    down matter into its smallest components, you’re left
    with individual elements that themselves break down
    into atoms consisting of even smaller pieces called
    subatomic particles.
    TINY, MIGHTY ATOMS
    • An atom is the smallest whole, stable piece
    of an element that still has all the properties
    of that element. It’s the smallest “piece” of
    matter that can be measured.
    • The core of an atom, called the nucleus,
    contains two kinds of subatomic particles:
    protons and neutrons. Both have mass, but
    only one carries any kind of charge.
    • Protons carry a positive charge
    • Neutrons have no charge (they’re neutral).
    • Electrons carry negative charge
    MOLECULES, COMPOUNDS, AND BONDS

    • When you start putting elements together, you get more complex
    forms of matter, such as molecules and compounds.
    • Molecules are made of two or more atoms,
    • Compounds are molecules that contain at least two different
    elements.
    IONIC BOND
    • Ionic bonds hold ions joined by their opposite
    electrical charges. Ionic reactions occur when
    atoms combine and lose or gain electrons.
    • When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine,
    for example, sodium loses an electron to
    chlorine. Sodium becomes the positively
    charged sodium ion (Na+), and chlorine
    becomes the negatively charged chloride ion
    (Cl–). These two oppositely charged ions are
    attracted to each other, forming an ionic
    bond.
    COVALENT BOND
    • Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons
    in a covalent reaction.
    • When two oxygen atoms join to form an oxygen
    molecule, they share two pairs of electrons with
    each other. Each shared pair of electrons is one
    covalent bond, so the two pairs of shared
    electrons in a molecule of oxygen gas have a
    double bond. Covalent bonds are extremely
    important in biology because they hold together
    the backbones of all biological molecules.
    ACIDS AND BASES

    • Properties of Acids and Bases


    • Acids
    • Acids have a sour taste.
    • Acids change the color of certain vegetable dyes,
    such as litmus, from blue to red.
    • The name "acid" comes from the Latin acidus, which
    means "sour," and refers to the sharp odor and sour
    taste of many acids.
    • Bases
    • Bases change the color of litmus from red to blue.
    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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