Carbon

Carbon Atom: A Unique One
Explain how the structure of the carbon atom

affects the type of bonds form. (S9MT-IIg-h-17)
Objectives
• Discuss why carbon is a unique atom.

• Differentiate organic from inorganic compounds.
• Recognize the importance of organic and inorganic
compounds in human body.
Recall
DIRECTIONS: Supply the correct letter to determine what

is being described in the given statement. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from
one atom (usually a metal) to another (usually a nonmetal)
I N C B D
Recall
DIRECTIONS: Supply the correct letter to determine what

is being described in the given statement. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This type of bond involves the transfer of electrons from
one atom (usually a metal) to another (usually a nonmetal)
I O N I C B O N D
Recall
2. This atom loses electron and becomes positively charge

ion
A T N
Recall

ion
C A T I O N
Recall

ion
C A T I O N
3. This atom loses electron and becomes negatively charge

ion.
N N
Recall

ion
C A T I O N
3. This atom loses electron and becomes negatively charge

ion.
A N I O N
Recall
4. This type of bond involves sharing of valence electrons

C O A E B D
Recall
4. This type of bond involves sharing of valence electrons

C O V A L E N T B O N D
Carbon Atom: A unique one
• Carbon atoms’ four valence electrons can be shared by

different particles that have electrons to share,
consequently framing covalent (shared-electron) bonds.
• They can even be shared by other carbon particles, which
can also impart electrons to other carbon molecules,
etc., framing long strings of carbon atoms that cling to
one another like links in a chain.
• Carbon atom has the ability to form long carbon-to-carbon chains.

• It can tie with one another in straight chains, yet in complex
branching, similar to the parts of a tree.
• These can even join "head-to-tail" to make rings of carbon
particles.
• There is basically no restriction to the number or unpredictability
of the branches or the quantity of rings that can be connected to
carbon atom, and hence no restriction to the quantity of various
particles that can be shaped.
• The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is

formed between one hybridized orbital from each of the
carbon atoms.
• Sigma bonds are the strongest kind of covalent bond.
They are framed by head-on overlapping between nuclear
orbitals.
• Sigma bonding is mostly characterized by diatomic atoms
utilizing the language and tools of symmetry groups.
• It can impart not just one electron to another atom to

form a single bond, it can likewise share two or three
electrons, framing a double or triple bond.
• This makes for countless possible bond blends at better
places, making huge number of various potential
molecules.
• Furthermore, a particle that varies by even one atom or
one bond position is a molecule of a different compound.
Activity 1. Carbon: How Is My Bond?
• Can you cite the difference among these carbon
compounds: propane, propylene and acetylene in terms
of the type of bonds they formed?
• Do all carbon atoms in the table above able to attain

Octet Rule? How?
• How does the structure of the carbon atom affect the

bonds it forms?
Organic Compound
• Organic compounds are groups of compounds that contain

the elements carbon and hydrogen.
• It consistently contains carbon with other different
elements that are required for living creatures to work.
• Carbon is the key component since it has four electrons in
an external electron shell that can hold eight electrons.
• Subsequently, it can form numerous kinds of bonds with
other carbon molecules and components
Organic Compound
• Hydrocarbons and proteins are genuine example of

organic compounds that can form long chains and
complex structures.
• The organic compounds comprised of these particles are
the bases for chemical reaction in the cells of plants and
creatures – responses that give the vitality for discovering
food for reproduction and for the various processes
important for life.
Types of Organic Compounds and Its
Characteristics
• The four kinds of organic compounds are hydrocarbons,

lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and they perform
various functions in a living cell.
• While numerous organic compounds are not polar
particles and, in this way, don't dissolve well in the water
of a cell, they often dissolve in other organic compounds.
Characteristics
• Carbohydrates, such as sugar, are marginally polar and

dissolve in water, fats don’t.
• Fats break down in other natural solvents, for example,
ethers.
• When in solution, the four kinds of organic compounds
interact and form new compounds as they come inside a
living tissue.
Characteristics
• Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are biochemical that is

made of one or more simple sugar molecules. Living
things use carbohydrates as an energy source.
• Lipids. Lipids are biochemical that does not dissolve in
water. Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of lipids. One
of the functions of lipids in living things is to store
energy.
Characteristics
• Proteins. Proteins are huge molecules with complex

structures that permit them to take on significant
functions in organic chemical reactions.
• It is usually present in animal products, though it also
exists in other sources, such as nuts and legumes.
• Proteins do most of the work in cells and are essential for
the organization, function, and regulation of the body's
tissues and organs.
Characteristics
• Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are the chief information-

carrying molecules of the cell.
• The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and
RNA.
• They lead the development of protein synthesis and
control the inherited characteristics of every living thing.
Inorganic Compound
• An inorganic compound is a compound that does not

contain both carbon and hydrogen.
• Many inorganic compound do contain hydrogen atoms,
such as water (H2O) and the hydrochloric acid (HCl)
produced by your stomach.
• In contrast, only a handful of inorganic compounds
contain carbon atoms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the
few examples.
Characteristics of Inorganic Compounds
• Inorganic compounds contain some kind of metal (alkali,

alkaline, transition and so forth.), they will in general have the
capacity to conduct electricity.
• SOLID stage, inorganic compounds are poor conductor of
electricity.
• LIQUID state, inorganic compounds are profoundly conductive.
• In this stage, inorganic compounds' electrons can move
uninhibitedly, and this development of electrons is noted as
electricity.
• Because of ionic bonding commonly found in inorganic

compounds, they are held together tightly and have extremely
high melting and boiling points.
• Transition metal inorganic compounds, are generally
profoundly colored because of the arrangement of the 'd-
block’s' electrons.
• The brilliant and delightful hues are seen when

firecrackers explode is because of the inorganic metal
(generally an alkali or alkaline one) present in the
compound.
• Since inorganic compounds show a special color when
consumed, this can be utilized as a 'marker' to
recognize the metal involved.
• Highly soluble in water. One more uncovering quality of

inorganic compounds is their capacity to form crystals.

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Carbon Atom: A Unique One

Explain how the structure of the carbon atom

• Discuss why carbon is a unique atom.

DIRECTIONS: Supply the correct letter to determine what

DIRECTIONS: Supply the correct letter to determine what

2. This atom loses electron and becomes positively charge

2. This atom loses electron and becomes positively charge

2. This atom loses electron and becomes positively charge

3. This atom loses electron and becomes negatively charge

2. This atom loses electron and becomes positively charge

3. This atom loses electron and becomes negatively charge

4. This type of bond involves sharing of valence electrons

4. This type of bond involves sharing of valence electrons

• Carbon atoms’ four valence electrons can be shared by

• Carbon atom has the ability to form long carbon-to-carbon chains.

• The carbon–carbon single bond is a sigma bond and is

• It can impart not just one electron to another atom to

• Do all carbon atoms in the table above able to attain

• How does the structure of the carbon atom affect the

• Organic compounds are groups of compounds that contain

• Hydrocarbons and proteins are genuine example of

• The four kinds of organic compounds are hydrocarbons,

• Carbohydrates, such as sugar, are marginally polar and

• Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are biochemical that is

• Proteins. Proteins are huge molecules with complex

• Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are the chief information-

• An inorganic compound is a compound that does not

• Inorganic compounds contain some kind of metal (alkali,

• Because of ionic bonding commonly found in inorganic

• The brilliant and delightful hues are seen when

• Highly soluble in water. One more uncovering quality of

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