Shahrul Niza Mokhatar Shahruln@uthm - Edu.my
Shahrul Niza Mokhatar Shahruln@uthm - Edu.my
Shahrul Niza Mokhatar Shahruln@uthm - Edu.my
•• known
as Macaulay’s Method and powerful tool in solving
deflection and slope of a beam at any point because –
– able to get the equation of the elastic curve
– In calculus, the radius of curvature of a curve y = f(x) is given by
The radius of curvature of a beam
is given as
– Deflection of beams is so small, the slope of the elastic curve dy/dx is
very small, and squaring this expression the value becomes practically
negligible, hence =
• Thus,
•
• If EI is constant, the equation may be written as:
Where as:
• x and y are the coordinates of elastic curve beam under load
• y is the deflection of the beam at any distance x
• E is the modulus of elasticity
• I is the moment of inertia from NA
• M is the bending moment at a distance x from the end of the beam
• EI is called the flexural rigidity of the beam.
• The resulting solution must contain two constants of integration since is of
second order.
– two constants must be evaluated from known conditions concerning the slope deflection
at certain points of the beam.
• For instance, in the case of a simply supported beam with rigid supports, at
x = 0 and x = L, the deflection y = 0, and in locating the point of maximum
deflection, we simply set the slope of the elastic curve y' to zero.
Equation to determine deflection
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Boundary Condition
• Generally, the deflections is known as y-values and slopes is known as
dx/dy. The values are called boundary conditions, which normally are:
When ,
• Cantilever beam x = L, deflection, y = 0
x = L, slope, dy/dx = 0
When ,
x = L, deflection, y = 0
x = L, slope, dx/dy = 0
x = L + L1, deflection y= 0
Example
• The cantilevered beam with length, L shown in figure is subjected
to a vertical load, P at its end. Determine the maximum slope and
deflection using double integration method. EI is constant.
𝟏
𝜽 𝑨𝑩 = ( 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝑨𝑩 )
𝑬𝑰
Theorem 2 – Deflection
• The deviation of any point B relative to the tangent drawn to the
elastic curve at any other point A, in a direction perpendicular to the
original position of the beam,
– is equal to the product of 1/EI multiplied by the moment of an area about B of that
part of the moment diagram between points A and B.
𝟏
𝒕 𝑨 / 𝑩= ( 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨𝑩 ) . Ẋ 𝑩
𝑬𝑰
𝟏
𝒕 𝑩 / 𝑨 = ( 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨𝑩 ) . Ẋ 𝑨
𝑬𝑰
Basic principles
• The bending moment caused by all forces to the left or to the right of any
section is equal to the respective algebraic sum of the bending moments at
that section caused by each load acting separately;
𝑴 = ( 𝚺 𝑴 )𝑳 =( 𝚺 𝑴 )𝑹
• The moment of a load about a specified axis is always defined by the
equation of a spandrel;
𝒀 =𝒌 𝒙 𝒏
• where n is the degree of power of x
• The graph of the above equation is as shown below
Area, A and location of centroid, XG
𝟏
𝑨= 𝒃𝒉
𝒏+𝟏
𝟏
𝑿𝑮= 𝒃
𝒏+𝟐
Example – Calculate moment-area
1)
2)
3)
3)
Tutorial 1
Tutorial 2
Tutorial 3
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