Oxidation - Reduction Reaction

OXIDATION –
REDUCTION REACTION
Prepared by: Ms. Gloricel A. Ergino
Objectives
To characterize oxidation-reduction reaction
To describe how to assign oxidation states
To identify oxidizing and reducing agents.
To identify the element oxidized and reduced.
To determine the application of redox in everyday living
Oxidation numbers
Oxidation numbers or valence numbers are arbitrary
numbers based upon rules such as the following:
1. The oxidation number of uncombined element is zero.
2. The common oxidation number of hydrogen in
compounds is +1, - 1 for hydrides. For oxygen it is -2, but
-1 for peroxide.
3. The common oxidation number for group 7A elements in
binary compounds is -1. It varies in tertiary compounds.
Oxidation numbers
4. The common oxidation number for group 1A ions is +1;
for group 2A it is +2, and for group 3A it is +3.
5. The oxidation number of an ion is calculated if the
oxidation numbers of all the others in the compound are
known, since the sum of all oxidation numbers in a
compound is zero.
Examples: Determine the oxidation number of the ff:
1. Mn in KMnO4
2. O in H2O
3. K in KCl
4. Na in NaCl
5. S in H2SO4
6. N in Fe(NO3)3
7. P in Ca3(PO4)2
8. Mg in MgO
OXIDATION
Oxidation generally involves the combination of a substance
with oxygen. For example rusting of iron in which the
reaction is
4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
Also, when glucose (sugar) in our cells reacts with oxygen,

carbon dioxide and water are formed. The reaction is
C6H12O6 + O2 → 2 CO2 + 6 H2O

OXIDATION-REDUCTION
Oxidation- Reduction (REDOX) reactions occur
simultaneously.
Oxidation involves the loss of electrons which results in an
increase in the oxidation number of the atom or ion.
Reduction – involves the gain of electrons which results in a

decrease in the oxidation number of the atom or ion.
Five important types of redox reactions
combustion: burning in air. The products of complete
combustion of carbon compounds are CO2 and H2O.
respiration: the process by which living organisms use O2 to
oxidize carbon-containing compounds to produce CO2 and
H2O. The importance of these reaction is not the CO2
produced, but the energy released.
rusting: the oxidation of iron to a mixture of iron oxides
4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 ( g) 2 Fe 2 O3 ( s)
bleaching: the oxidation of colored compounds to products
which are colorless.
batteries: in all cases, the reaction taking place in a battery
is a redox-reaction.
In oxidation-reduction reactions the substance that is
oxidized is called the reducing agent, while the substance
that is reduced is called the oxidizing agent.
LEORA
GEROA
Balancing REDOX equation by the Oxidation-Reduction
Method
The oxidation number method for balancing redox equations
involves a series of steps. The equation that follows will
illustrate the method.
1. Determine the oxidation number of the atoms in the equation

in order to identify atoms undergoing oxidation or reduction.
2. Balance the total increase and total decrease of oxidation
number by placing the necessary coefficients, using the
smallest numbers possible.
3. Complete the balancing process by inspection.
Balance the following by valence change method. Indicate
the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, the element
reduced and the element oxidized.
1.) P + HNO3 + H2O → H3PO4 + NO

2.) H2SO4 + HI → H2S + I2 + H2O
3.) KBrO2 + KI + HBr → KBr + I2 + H2O
4.) Sb + HNO3 → Sb2O5 + NO + H2O
5.) NO2 + H2O → HNO3 + NO
6.) KMnO4 + HCl → Cl2 + KCl + MnCl2 + H2O
Seatwork # 1
Determine the oxidation number of the underlined elements.

1.) K2Cr2O7
2.) Pb(BrO3)2
3.) Ag2S2O4
4.) Na2S2O4
5.) CaC2O4
6.) IO3-
7.) C2O4-2
8.) H2CO3
9.) SnCl2
10.) HMnO4
Balance the following by valence change method. Indicate
the oxidizing agent and reducing agent, the element
reduced and the element oxidized.
1.) I2 + Cl2 + H2O → HIO3 + HCl
2.) Na2Cr2O7 + FeCl2 + HCl → CrCl3 + NaCl + FeCl3 + H2O
3.) As2S5 + HNO3 + H2O → H3AsO4 + NO + S
4.) AuCl3 + H2C2O4 → Au + CO2 + HCl

end

Oxidation - Reduction Reaction

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OXIDATION –

Also, when glucose (sugar) in our cells reacts with oxygen,

C6H12O6 + O2 → 2 CO2 + 6 H2O

Reduction – involves the gain of electrons which results in a

1. Determine the oxidation number of the atoms in the equation

1.) P + HNO3 + H2O → H3PO4 + NO

Determine the oxidation number of the underlined elements.

1.) I2 + Cl2 + H2O → HIO3 + HCl

2.) Na2Cr2O7 + FeCl2 + HCl → CrCl3 + NaCl + FeCl3 + H2O

3.) As2S5 + HNO3 + H2O → H3AsO4 + NO + S

4.) AuCl3 + H2C2O4 → Au + CO2 + HCl

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