SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER-08 : REDOX REACTIONS

QUESTIONS CARRYING ONE MARK:

1. Define ‘oxidation’ in terms of electron transfer.

2. Give the electronic interpretation of ‘reduction’.

3. What is an oxidizing agent (or oxidant)?

4. Which is the most powerful oxidizing agent?

5. What is a reducing agent (or reductant)?

6. Which is the most powerful reducing agent?

7. Complete the following equation: 2Fe 2+ + 2H+ + H2O2 . ....... +2H2O .

8. Define oxidation number. (or oxidation state).

9. Calculate the oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O7 2- .

10. Calculate the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 .

11. What is the oxidation number (or oxidation state) of an element?

12. What happens to the oxidation number (O.N.) of an element during oxidation?

13. What happens to the oxidation number of an element during reduction?

14. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in hydrides?

15. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in peroxides?

16. What is the oxidation state of P4 ?.

17. What is an electrode?

18. What is electrode potential?

18. What is standard electrode potential?

19. Name the cell obtained by coupling a zinc electrode with a copper electrode.

20. Identify the oxidant in the following reaction: H2O2 + O3 H2O + 2O2

21. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in OF2?.

QUESTIONS CARRYING TWO MARKS:

1. What is a redox reaction? Give an example.

2. Justify the reaction: H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S is a redox reaction.

3. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen and hydrogen. Give one example
for each.

4. What is oxidation number? What is the oxidation number(O.N) of Cl in KClO3?

5. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxidation number.

6. How are the oxidizing agent and reducing agents defined in terms if oxidation number?

7. Write separate equations for the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring in the
following redox reaction: 2Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2

8. For 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

(1) (2) (3)
i) What is the oxidation number of Oxygen in (2)?
ii) What type of Redox reaction is it?

9. Explain whether the following reaction is a redox reaction or not:

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

10 Calculate the oxidation number of: (i) S in H2SO4 (ii) P in H3PO4.

11. What is a redox couple? Identify the redox couples in the reaction:

Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Zn2+(aq) +2Ag(s)

12 What is an electrochemical series?

13. What is a spectator ion? Give an example of a reaction involving such an ion.

14. Write the formula for the following compounds represented using Stock notation:

(a) Nickel (II) sulphate (b) Tin (IV) oxide

(c) Thallium (I) sulphate (d) Iron (III) sulphate

15. Using Stock notation, represent the following compounds: Fe2O3, CuO, MnO and
MnO2

16. Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species:

 (a) HPO3 2– and (b)PO43-

17. Balance the Redox reaction using oxidation number method :

SO2 + H2S S + H2O

18. Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following

species:(a) NaH2PO4 (b) NaHSO4 (c) H4P2O7 (d) K2MnO4

19. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:

(a) CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g)

(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2 Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

19. Give an example of a redox combination reaction. Mention the species that undergo
oxidation and reduction.

20. Give an example of a redox decomposition reaction. Mention the species that
undergo oxidation and reduction.

21. Give an example of a redox displacement reaction. Mention the species that undergo
oxidation and reduction.

22. Give an example of a redox disproportionation reaction. Mention the species that
undergo oxidation and reduction.

23. F2 does not undergo disproportionation. Why?

24. What type of redox reactions are the following?

(a) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s)

(b) 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

(c) Cr2O3 (s) + 2 Al (s) → Al2O3 (s) + 2Cr(s)

(d) (d) 2NO2(g) + 2OH–(aq) → NO2–(aq) +NO3– (aq)+H2O(l)

25. Name the redox indicator used in the titration of

(i). KMnO4 v/s FAS.(or H2C2O4).

(ii) Na2S2O3 v/s I2.

QUESTIONS CARRYING THREE MARKS:

1. When blue coloured solution of copper sulphate is stirred with a zinc rod, the blue
colour of the solution fades off and the zinc rod is coated with reddish copper metal.
Write the chemical reaction taking place in the above observation and identify the
species undergoing oxidation and reduction.

2. A solution of silver nitrate turns blue slowly on stirring with a copper rod which in turn
gets coated with a white deposit of silver. Write a chemical reaction for this observation
and identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in it.

3. Balance the following equations by the oxidation number method.(3marks each)

(i) Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O7 2– → Cr3+ + Fe3+ + H2O

(ii)MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)

(iii) MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) →Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)

(iv) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) →Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)

(v) Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) → Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)

4. Balance the following equations by half reaction method (ion-electron method). (3

marks each)

(a) MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) →Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)

(b) MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)

(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)

(d) Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) →Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)

5. In the reactions given below, identify the species undergoing oxidation and reduction:

(i) H2S (g) + Cl2 (g 2 HCl (g) + S (s)

(ii) 2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)

(iii) 2Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)

6. Justify that the reaction: 2Cu2O(s) + Cu2S(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2(g) is a redox

reaction. Identify the species oxidized/reduced, which acts as an oxidant and which acts
as a reductant.

CHAPTER-08 : REDOX REACTIONS

ANSWERS:

QUESTIONS CARRYING ONE MARK:

1. Loss of electron(s) by any species is called oxidation.

2. Gain of electron(s) by any species is called reduction.

3. An oxidizing agent (or an oxidant) is an acceptor of electron(s).

4. Fluorine (F2).

5. A reducing agent(or a reductant) is a donor of electron(s).

6. Lithium (Li).

7. 2Fe 2+ + 2H+ + H2O2 . 2Fe3+ + 2H2O .

8. The term Oxidation number denotes the oxidation state of an element in a compound

ascertained according to a set of rules formulated on the basis that electron pair in a

covalent bond belongs entirely to more electronegative element.

9. Oxidation number of oxygen = -2.

Hence, oxidation number of Cr, (x) in Cr2O72- = 2x + 7x(-2) = 0, x = +6

10. Oxidation number of K = +1, oxygen, O = -2.

Hence, oxidation number of Mn, (x) in KMnO4 = (+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0, x = +7

11. Zero.

12. It increases.

13. It decreases

14. In Hydrides, hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1.

15. In peroxides, oxygen has an oxidation state of -1.

16. Zero.

17. A setup consisting of a metal in contact with its salt solution is called an electrode.

18. The potential attained by a metal in contact with a solution containing its own ions is
called electrode potential.
19. The potential attained by a metal in contact with its salt solution of concentration 1
moldm-3 at 298 K.

20. The oxidant is O3.

21. +2

QUESTIONS CARRYING TWO MARKS:

ANSWERS:

1. A chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction are taking place
simultaneously is called a redox reaction.

reduction

Ex: Zn(s) + Cu2+ --
Zn2+ + Cu.

Oxidation

2. : H2S(-2) + Cl2(0) -
2HCl(-1) + S(0)

The O.N. of S increases from -2 to 0. So it is undergoing oxidation.

The O.N. of Cl2 decreases from 0 to -1. So it is undergoing reduction.

Therefore it is a redox reaction.

3. Oxidation: Addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen.

Ex: 2 Mg + O2
2 MgO (Addition of oxygen to Mg)

, 2 H2S + O2
2 S + 2 H2O (Removal of hydrogen from H2S)

Reduction: Addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen.

Ex: H2C = CH2 + H2
H3C – CH3 . (Addition of hydrogen to ethene)

2 HgO
2 Hg + O2 (Removal of oxygen from HgO)

4. Oxidation number denotes the oxidation state of an element in a compound

ascertained according to a set of rules formulated on the basis that electron pair in a
covalent bond belongs entirely to more electronegative element.

Let the O.N of Cl in KClO3 be x.

O.N. of K = +1, O = -2 . ∴ O.N of Cl in KClO3 = 1+ x + 3(-2) = +5.

5. In terms of oxidation number,

Oxidation:
Oxidation An increase in the oxidation number of an element in a given substance.

Reduction:
Reduction A decrease in the oxidation number of an element in a given substance.

6. Oxidising agent:
agent: A reagent which can increase the oxidation number of an element

in a given substance. These reagents are also called as oxidants.

oxidants

Reducing agent: A reagent which lowers the oxidation number of an element in a given

substance. These reagents are also called as reductants.

7. 2Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2

Oxidation reaction: Fe
Fe2++2e-

reaction: 2HCl +2e-
H2

Reduction reaction:

8. 2H2O2 (-1)
2H2O (-2) + O2(0)

(1) (2) (3)

(i) The O.N. of oxygen in (2) is -2.

(ii) It is a disproportionation redox reaction (∵ oxygen undergoes both oxidation and
reduction. )

9. +2 + 4 –2 +2 –2 +4 –2
CaCO3 (s)
CaO(s) + CO2(g)

It is not a redox reaction because the oxidation number of no element changes.

10.
10 (i) Let the O.N. of S be ‘ x’

O.N. of H = +1, O = -2 ∴ O.N. of S in H2SO4 = 2(+1) + x + 4(-2) = +6.

(ii) Let the O.N. of P be ‘x’.

O.N. of H = +1, O = -2 ∴ O.N. of P in H3PO4 = 3(+1)+x+4(-2) = +5.

11.
11 A redox couple is defined as having together the oxidized and reduced forms of a
substance taking part in an oxidation or reduction half reaction.

The redox couples in the reaction are, Zn2+/ Zn(s)

Zn(s) and Ag+/Ag.
/Ag.
12.
12 A series of electrode potential values arranged in the increasing or decreasing order
constitute an electrochemical series.

13.
13 An ion which is present in a redox reaction, but does not take part in a reaction during
electron transfer is called a spectator ion.

Ex: SO42- ion in the reaction: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)
ZnSO4(aq) + Cu.

14. (a) Ni(II)SO4 (b) Sn(IV)O2

(c) Tl2(I)SO4 (d) Fe2(III)(SO4)3

15.
15 Fe2O3 - Fe2(III)O3 , CuO – Cu(II)O

MnO - Mn(II)O, MnO2 – Mn(IV)O2.

16 (a) Let the O.N of P in HPO3 2– be x.

16.

(+1) + x + 3(-2) = -2

∴ x = +3

(b)Let the O.N of P in PO43- be x.

X + 4(-2) = -3

∴ x = +5

17.
17 Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element.

4+ 2- 0
SO2 + H2S
S + H2O.
Step 2: Multiply H2S by 2 to equalize the oxidation numbers on either side of the
equation.
4+ 2 x (2-) 0
SO2 +2 H2S
S + H2O.
Step 3: Now, balance S atoms on RHS.

SO2 + 2H2S
3 S + H2O.

Step 4: Finally balance H and O atoms to get a balanced equation.

SO2 + 2H2S
3S + 2H2O

18.
18 (a) NaH2PO4 : O.N. of P = (+1)+2(+1)+x+4(-2); x = +5.
 (b) NaHSO4: O.N of S = (+1) + (+1) + x + 4(-2); x = +6

(c) H4P2O7: O.N. of P = 4(+1) + 2x + 7(-2) ; x = +5

(d) K2MnO4: O.N. of Mn = 2(+1) + X + 4(-2): x = + 7

(Taking O.N. of H=+1, Na = +1, K = +1, O = -2.).

19.
19 Example for Redox combination reaction:
0 0 +4 –2
C(s) + O2 (g)
CO2(g)
In this reaction, the O.N. of ‘C’ increases from 0 to +4. So it is undergoing oxidation.
the O.N. of ‘O’ decreases from 0 to -2. So it is undergoing reduction.

20.
20 Example for Redox decomposition reaction:

-1+1 0 0
2NaH(s)
2Na(s) + H2(g)
In this reaction, the O.N. of ‘Na’ increases from -1 to 0. So it is undergoing oxidation.
the O.N. of ‘H’ decreases from +1 to 0. So it is undergoing reduction.

21.
21 Example for Redox displacement reaction:
+2 +6 -2 0 0 +2 +6 –2
CuSO4(aq) + Zn (s)
Cu(s) + ZnSO4 (aq)
In this reaction, the O.N. of ‘Zn’ increases from 0 to +2. So it is undergoing oxidation.
the O.N. of ‘Cu’ decreases from +2 to 0. So it is undergoing reduction.

22.
22 Example for Redox disproportionation reaction:
+1 –1 +1 –2 0
2H2O2 (aq)
2H2O(l) + O2(g)
In this reaction, the O.N. of ‘O’ increases from -1 to 0 as well as decreases from -1 to -2.
So oxygen is undergoing both oxidation and reduction(disproportionation).

23.
23 Among halogens, fluorine (F2) is the most electronegative element; it cannot exhibit any
positive oxidation state. Hence it does not show a disproportionation tendency.

24.
24 (a) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s) - Redox combination reaction

(b) 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) - Redox decomposition reaction

(c) Cr2O3 (s) + 2 Al (s) → Al2O3 (s) + 2Cr(s) - Redox displacement reaction
 (d) 2NO2(g) + 2OH–(aq) → NO2–(aq) +NO3– (aq)+H2O(l) - Redox disproportionation
reaction.

25 (i) MnO4- ion itself act as a self indicator

25.

(ii) Starch.

QUESTIONS CARRYING THREE MARKS:

Answers:
reduction
1. Zn(s) + Cu2+
Zn2+ + Cu.

Oxidation
Oxidation
In this reaction, Zn loses 2e - to Cu and hence is undergoing oxidation; Cu2+ is
undergoing reduction to Cu.

2. reduction

Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) +2Ag(s)

Oxidation

In this reaction, Cu is giving two electrons to Ag+ and so it is a reducing agent.

Ag+, in turn, is accepting the electrons from Cu to undergo reduction and so it is an

oxidizing agent.

BALANCING EQUATIONS BY OXIDATION NUMBER METHOD

3. (i) Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O7 2– → Cr3+ + Fe3+ + H2O

. Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element.

 oxidation
2+ 6+ 3+ 3+
Fe + H + Cr2O7 → Cr + Fe3+ + H2O
2+ + 2– 3+

reduction

Step 2: Multiply Cr3+ by 2 and Fe2+ and Fe3+ by 6 to equalize the oxidation numbers on
either side of the equation.

2+ 1+ 6+ 2x3+ 3+
6Fe + H + Cr2O7 → 2 Cr3+ +6 Fe3+ + H2O
2+ + 2–

Step 3: Now, balance O atoms on RHS by adding 7H2O

6Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O7 2– →2 Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O.

Step 4: Finally balance H atoms by adding 14H+ on LHS to get a balanced equation as:

6 Fe2+ + 14H+ + Cr2O7 2– → 2 Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O

3. (ii) MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)

. Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element Undergoing change in
oxidation number.

Oxidation

7+ 1- 6+ 0
MnO4 (aq) + I– (aq) →
– MnO2 (s) + I2(s)
reduction

Step 2: Multiply I- by 6 and MnO4- by 2 to equalize the oxidation numbers on either side
of the equation.

2 x (7+) 6 x (1- ) 2 x (4+) 0

– –
2MnO4 (aq) +6 I (aq) → 2MnO2 (s) + 3I2(s)

Step 3: Now, add 8 OH- on RHS to balance –ve charges on either side.
 2MnO4– (aq) + 6I– (aq) → 2MnO2 (s) +3 I2(s) +8OH-

Step 4: Finally balance H and O atoms by adding 4H2O on LHS to get a balanced
equation as:

2MnO4– (aq) + 6I– (aq) + 4H2O → 2MnO2 (s) +3 I2(s) +8OH-

3. (iii) MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) →Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)

. Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element undergoing change in
oxidation number.

Oxidation-2e-

7+ 4+ 2+ 6+
MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) → Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq)
reduction-5e-

Step 2: Multiply SO2 by 5 and MnO4- by 2 to balance +ve charges on both sides.

2 x (7+) 5 x (4+ ) 2 x (2+) 5 x (6+)

2MnO4– (aq) + 5SO2 (g) → 2Mn2+ (aq) + 5HSO4– (aq)

Step 3: Now, add 2H2O and H+ on LHS to balance oxygen atoms

2 MnO4– (aq) +5 SO2 (g) +2H2O → 2Mn2+ (aq) +5 HSO4– (aq)

Step 4: Finally add H+ on LHS to get a balanced equation as:

2 MnO4– (aq) + 5SO2 (g) +2H2O +H+ → 2Mn2+ (aq) + 5HSO4– (aq)

3. (iv) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) →Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)

. Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element undergoing change in
oxidation number

Oxidation-1e-
 1- 2+ 3+ 2-
2+ 3+
H2O2 (aq) + Fe (aq) →Fe (aq) + H2O (l))
reduction-2 x 1e-

Step 2: Since the number of charges on both sides are not equal, 2Fe2+ on LHS and

2Fe3+ on RHS

2 x (1-) 2x(2+) 2x (3+) (2-)

2+ 3+
H2O2 (aq) +2 Fe (aq) → 2Fe (aq) + H2O (l))

Step 3: Now, put 2H2O to balance ‘O’ atoms.

H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) +2 H2O (l))

Step 4: Finally add2 H+ on LHS to get a balanced equation as:

H2O2 (aq) +2 Fe2+ (aq) +2H+(aq) → 2Fe3+ (aq) +2 H2O (l))

3.(v) Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) → Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)
3.(v) solution)

Step 1: Write skeletal equation with O.N of each element Undergoing change in

oxidation number.

Oxidation-2e-

2 x (6+) 4+ 3+ 6+
2– 3+ 2–
Cr2O7 + SO2(g) → Cr (aq) + SO4 (aq)
reduction-3e-

Step 2: Multiply SO2 by 3 and Cr3+ by 2 on RHS .

Cr2O7 2– +3 SO2(g) → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3 SO42– (aq)

Step 3: Balance charges by adding 2H+ on LHS

Cr2O7 2– +3 SO2(g) +2H+ → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3 SO42– (aq)

Step 4: Finally add H2O on RHS to get a balanced equation as:

 Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) → 2Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq)+ H2O(l)

BALANCING EQUATIONS BY ION-

ION-ELECTRON METHOD
4. (a) MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) →Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)

Step1: Assign O.N. to the atoms undergoing oxidation / reduction.

oxidation-2e-

MnO4– (aq) + SO2 (g) → Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4-(aq)

reduction-5e-

Step2: Write out oxidation and reduction separately and balance the atoms other than H
and O.

Oxidation half reaction: SO2 → HSO4-

Reduction half reaction: MnO4 → Mn2+

Step3: Multiply the oxidation reaction with the extent of reduction and reduction reaction
by the extent of oxidation and add.

Oxidation half reaction: [SO2 → HSO4-] x5

Reduction half reaction: [MnO4 → Mn2+] x2

2MnO4- + 5SO2→ 2Mn2+ +5HSO4-

Step4: Add H+ and 2H2O on LHS to balance H and O atoms in the acid medium to get a

balanced equation.

2MnO4- + 5SO2 + H+ + 2 H2O → 2Mn2+ +5HSO4- .

(b) MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
4.. (b)

Step1: Assign O.N. to the atoms undergoing oxidation / reduction.

 oxidation-2e-

MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s)

Step2: Write out oxidation and reduction separately and balance the

atoms other than H and O.

Oxidation half reaction: 2 I  → I2

Reduction half reaction: MnO4 → MnO2

Step3: Multiply the oxidation reaction with the extent of reduction and reduction reaction

by the extent of oxidation and add.

Oxidation half reaction: [2 I  → I2] x3

Reduction half reaction: [ MnO4 → MnO2] x2

2MnO4- + 6I- → MnO2 + 3I2

Step4: Add 4OH- on RHS and 2H2O on LHS to balance H and O atoms in the basic medium to
get a balanced equation.

2 MnO4- + 6I- + 4H2O → 2 MnO2 +3 I2+ 8 OH-

4. (c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)

Step1: Assign O.N. to the atoms undergoing oxidation / reduction.

oxidation-1e-

H2O2 (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l)

reduction-2e-

Step2: Write out oxidation and reduction separately and balance the atoms other than H

and O.

Oxidation half reaction: Fe2+ → Fe3+

Reduction half reaction: H2O2 → H2O

Step3: Multiply the oxidation reaction with the extent of reduction and reduction reaction

by the extent of oxidation and add.

Oxidation half reaction: [Fe2+ → Fe3+ ] x 2

Reduction half reaction: [H2O2 → H2O] x 1

2Fe2+ + H2O2 → 2Fe3+ + H2O

Step4: Add 2H+ on LHS and H2O on RHS to balance H and O atoms in the acid medium to get

a balanced equation.

2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ → 2Fe3+ +2 H2O.

4..(d) Cr2O7 2– (aq)+

(aq)+ SO2(g) →Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)

Step1: Assign O.N. to the atoms undergoing oxidation / reduction.

oxidation-2e-

Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) →Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq)

reduction-2x3e-

Step2: Write out oxidation and reduction separately and balance the atoms other than H

and O.

Oxidation half reaction: SO2 → SO42–

Reduction half reaction: Cr2O7 2– → 2 Cr3+

Step3: Multiply the oxidation reaction with the extent of reduction and reduction reaction

by the extent of oxidation and add.

Oxidation half reaction: [SO2 → SO42-] x6

Reduction half reaction: [Cr2O7 2– → 2 Cr3+] x2

2Cr2O7 2– +6 SO2 → 4Cr3+ + 6SO42–

Step4: Add H+ and 2H2O on LHS to balance H and O atoms in the acid medium to get a
 balanced equation.

2Cr2O7 2–(aq) + 6 SO2(g) +4H+ → 4 Cr3+ (aq) +6 SO42– (aq)+2H2O.

OR, Cr2O7 2–(aq) + 3 SO2(g) +2H+ → 2 Cr3+ (aq) +3SO42– (aq)+H2O.

4.(e) MnO4- + C2O42- → Mn2+ + CO2 in acid medium

Step1: Assign O.N. to the atoms undergoing oxidation / reduction.

oxidation-2x1e-

MnO4– + C2O42- → Mn2+ + CO2

reduction-5e-

Step2: Write out oxidation and reduction separately and balance the atoms other than H

and O.

Oxidation half reaction: C2O42- → 2CO2

Reduction half reaction: MnO4 → Mn2+

Step3: Multiply the oxidation reaction with the extent of reduction and reduction reaction

by the extent of oxidation and add.

Oxidation half reaction: [C2O42- → 2CO2] x5

Reduction half reaction: [ MnO4 → Mn2+] x2

2MnO4– + 5C2O42- → 2Mn2+ + 10CO2

Step4: Add required number H+ on LHS and H2O on RHS to balance H and O atoms in the

acid medium to get a balanced equation.

2MnO4– + 5C2O42- +16H+→ 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+ 8H2O

5. (i) H2S (g) + Cl2 (g 2 HCl (g) + S (s)

In this reaction, the species undergoing oxidation is: H2S

(∵ the O.N. of S in H2S increases from -2 to 0)

The species undergoing reduction is: Cl2 (∵ the O.N. of Cl decreases from 0 to -1)
5.(ii) 2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s)

In this reaction, the species undergoing oxidation is: Na (∵ the O.N. of Na increases

from 0 to +1).

The species undergoing reduction is: H2 (∵ the O.N. of H2 decreases from 0 to -1)

5.(iii) 2Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)

In this reaction, the species undergoing oxidation is: Fe (∵ the O.N. of Fe increases

from 0 to +2)

The species undergoing reduction is: HCl (∵ the O.N. of H in HCl decreases from +1 to 0 )

6. The reaction: 2Cu2O(s) + Cu2S(s) 6Cu(s) + SO2(g) is a redox reaction because, in

Cu2O, Cu is in +1 oxidation state. It is reduced to Cu in which the oxidation state is 0.

In Cu2S, S is in -2 oxidation state, which is oxidized to +4 oxidation state in SO2.

The oxidizing agent(oxidant) is Cu(I) in Cu2O

The reducing agent( reductant) is sulphur of Cu2S.

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