Maintenance of CNC Machines

(Computer Numerical Control)

By Group 7
Achmad Afinadi (21050119120023)
Bagus Sajiwo (21050119120034)
Members : Juniar Putra Indra Kiswara
(21050119120042)
Ferdian Gamalea Delasta (21050119130084)
Muhammad Iliyas (21050119130132)

November 2020
Mechanical Engineering Department
Universitas Diponegoro
 1

INTRODUCTION
Computer Numerical Control (commonly called CNC)
is the automated control of machining tools and 3D printers
by means of a computer. A CNC machine processes a piece
of material (metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, or composite) to
meet specifications by following a coded programmed
instruction and without a manual operator directly
controlling the machining operation.
The most important computerized machine tools that are
used extensively in the industry are :
1. CNC Turning (lathe) Machine
2. CNC Milling Machine
 2

INTRODUCTION
Advantages of CNC
• Increased speed at which parts are produced
• Producing the same quality for all work parts
• Better dimensional accuracy which gives
exact and correct dimensions
• Increase ability to produce difficult parts
• Less scrap

Disadvantages of CNC
• High initial cost
• Need high qualified operator
 3

When a machine breaks down,

it can cost a business owner
thousands of dollars, not only
for the cost to repair the
breakdown but in lost profits
too. WHY IMPORTANT?
In those moments of
Text Here
exasperation, missed
maintenance can be
maddening.

With lots of mechanical

moving parts and high tech
pieces, breakdowns are
inevitable.
 4
MAIN TYPE/CATEGORY/COMPONENTS
OF
EQUIPMENT OR THE OBJECT

1 Headstock 5 Tailstock Quil

2 CNC Lathe Bed 6 Foot Switcher or Pedal

3 Chuck 7 CNC Control Panel

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 5
Function of Each Component
Headstock, In this section there Ta i l s t o c k Q u i l ,
The quil
is a motor that functions to rotate tailstock serves to strengthen the
the main spindle and gear grip.
arrangement. program / command
entered through the panel is used
Foot pedals, This foot pedal is
used to adjust the chuck and
to adjust the engine rotation speed.
tailstock. It can be used to open
CNC Lathe Bed, This machine and close chuck. This pedal also
serves to advance and reverse the
table is used as a base or path for
tailstock.
cutting tools mounted on the turret.
CNC Control Panel , This
Chuck, Chuck serves to clamp Control Panel is the brain of the
the workpiece to be processed. CNC machine.
Ta i l s t o c k ,
This section serves as To o l Tu r r e t ,
The required
a support for gripping the cutting tool is attached to this
workpiece. It makes the rotation part, turret.
more stable and the position of the
workpiece is not easily shifted.
 6

CHUC
Chuck Bubut 8
Chuck CNC Lathe 3
K
Jaw Chuck Spindle
Chuck 8 Inch Claw 8
Price : Rp3.870.000 4-Jaw Mini Wood
Lathe Chuck Metal
Source : Tokopedia CNC Milling
Drilling Tool
Price : Rp 625.800
8'' Adjustable Steel
Soft Jaw Boring Source : Tokopedia
Ring for CNC Lathe
Chuck
Price : Rp 5.501.000
Source : Tokopedia
 TAILSTOC
7

K Mini CNC tailstock

4th Axis MT2
Rotary Axis Lathe
for cnc Engraving
CNC 4th axis 65mm Price : Rp 1.582.300
activity tailstock For Source : Tokopedia
woodworking lathe
chucks 3
Price : Rp 517.100
Source : Tokopedia 49MM CNC
Tailstock for A Axis
4th Axis Rotary Axis
CNC Engraver
Lathe Accessory
Price : US $59.99
Source : ebay
 8

Panel Control

7 Inch LCD Large Screen Grating Machifit DDCSV3.1 Machifit DDCSV3.1

CNC Digital Readout Display Lathe 3Axis MACH3 Offline 3axis Mach3 Offline
Control Panel Controller Board CNC Lathe Controller CNC Lathe
Engraving Milling Machine Control Pengendali
Price : Rp4.873.000
System
Price : US$ 101.62
Source : Tokopedia Price : Rp5.794.000
Source : Tokopedia
 9

Tool Turret
Turret Head,
Tipe: M22520/1-
02.
Price : US$ 101.62
Manufacturer :
DANIELS
 1

COMPONENT FAILURES
0

1. Main Motor o Motor is unable to work

Cause : - The voltage from the power source is low
- Imperfect contacts on switch
o Motor overheats quickly
Cause : - Difference in voltage
- Excessive motor load

2. Head Stock
o Rotation of the main shaft faltered
o Rotation of the main shaft is too heavy
o Noise on the headstock
o Not center
 1
1
3. Carriage
o Carriage is very heavy when moved
Cause : Bolt setting is too tight or too loose
o Work results are not precise
Cause : Pinion gear problem
o Cutting of the workpiece is imprecise
Cause : The transport shaft is not
centered
o Toolpost movement is too loud
Cause : Interruption of post installation

4. Tail Stock
o Tail stock is easy to vibrate or unstable
Cause : Fastening bolts is not strong
enough
 1
2
Clean the machine parts from Replacing engine lubricating oil
the cutting results and the and applying grease, must use the
coolant after finishing oil required by the engine
operation manufacturer

Don’t hit the workpiece

hard using hammer to
Standard Maintenace CNC Turning Machine
should not be exposed to
fixing the workpiece direct sunlight

When finished operating the machine, set all

handles in neutral and turn off the power source
of the CNC turning machine
 1

RECOMENDED TYPES OF MAINTENACE 3

Preventive Maintenance
 Cleaning
 Inspection Predictive Maintenace
 Oil replacing  Condition monitoring
 Bolt checking  Data analysis
 1
4

REQUIRED SKILLS FOR CNC

MACHINE MAINTENANCE

1. M a t h s k i l l s 8. A d a p t a b i l i t y
2. Te c h n i c a l w r i t i n g a n d 9. F i t n e s s a n d s t a m i n a
comprehension skills 10.C o m m u n i c a t i o n s k i l l s
3. P r o b l e m - s o l v i n g s k i l l s 11.T i m e m a n a g e m e n t
4. A t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l 12.A s s e r t i v e n e s s
5. M e c h a n i c a l a n d t e c h n i c a l 13.C o m m i t m e n t t o s a f e t y
skills 14.S t r o n g w o r k e t h i c
6. Te a m w o r k s k i l l s
7. M a n u a l d e x t e r i t y a n d a c c u r a c y
 1
5

REQUIRED TOOLS FOR

CNC MACHINE MAINTENANCE
 screwdriver set 1

Hex 6

Keys

Rp71.500
Rp70.000

socket wrench
snap ring pliers
set
set

Rp80.000 Rp250.000
Source : Tokopedia
 1
Dead Blow pry bar set 7

Hammer

Multimeter
Rp155.000 Digital Rp385.000

Logic Probe oscilloscope

Rp82.500

Rp375.000 Rp1.480.000
Source : Tokopedia
 1
8

For Example
Haas VF2 CNC Mill

Coolant (55 gallon for 1.5

THE COSTS OF CNC MACHINE Air Filters (every 6 years)
$600.00
months)
MAINTENANCE $20.00

Oil (only needs to be

topped up every couple
months)
Source : Amazon
 19

STEPS OF CNC MACHINERY

MAINTENANCE
Daily / Weekly Preventive
Maintenance Checklist For
Machine Tools
Stopping of machine due to the failure to top up
Most of the daily and weekly lubrication oil (or worse, have insufficient stocks of the
preventive checks and maintenance oil).
tasks are performed by your machine Drop of coolant levels below the limit, resulting in
overheating and damage.
operators. These routine maintenance Blockage of production as chips – especially aluminium
procedures are needed to ensure that chips – are not cleared, resulting in chips overflow.
your production rate is not slowed by Poor air-supply (volume and quality), which may result
in costly damages. Dirty or humid air can affect
simple errors such as the following: production quality.
 20

1. Check on levels of coolant

2. Check on the cutting tool at ATC
3. Check on hydraulic systems for any leakage
4. Check on air supply to make sure that it is clean and dry
5. Check for any leakage or strange sounds
Here are some 6.
7.
Lubricate machine’s moving parts
Ensure that spindles, chucks and any moving parts are

steps you or cleaned by brushes or flushed with coolant.

8. Ensure that spindles, chucks and any moving parts are
cleaned by brushes or flushed with coolant.
your operator 9. Check on pneumatic pumps and chucks.

can take:
Note : This is very important as the pneumatic operated chucks are highly sensitive, and work best
when they’re regularly maintained. Damages to the sealing and a lack of lubrication can be very
costly to repair. Ensure that chips are cleaned but not blown off to prevent damage.
Note : For CNC machines, the clearance of chips, dirt or coolants should not be done by blowing
them away with an air-gun. This is because an air-gun may push chips and coolant in areas where
the machine manufacturer actually spends effort to prevent them from reaching (using expensive
covers with wipers for example).
 21
Quarterly / Semi-Annual Maintenance
Checklist For Machine Tools
On a quarterly or six-monthly basis, check that your coolant tanks, air reservoirs, pumps, and drainages for oil
work smoothly. You can do so by making sure that they are clean and free to operate.
For example, your coolant tank may collect sludge over time if it isn’t cleaned regularly. Over time, this may
not only reduce your overall tank capacity for coolant – it may affect the purity of your coolant and be detrimental
to the performance of your spindle. This is particularly damaging if a CTS (Coolant Through Spindle) system is
used. Fine chips and particles will be sucked through your CTS Pump, damaging it in time. Your machine’s
toolholders and spindle cones may also be damaged.
To prevent such mishaps from happening, do the following every quarter or half-yearly:
o Have the coolant tank cleaned of sludge, chips, and oil
o Have the chuck and jaws taken off the machine and cleaned
o Have the levelling of your machine checked and adjusted if necessary
o Have the radiator cleaned while making sure that the radiator fins are straight and not damaged
o Have all way wipers inspected for any damage – clean and replace any wipers that are damaged
o Have the hydraulic tank drained, and replace the hydraulic oil with fresh hydraulic oil. Do also ensure that the
line filter and suction filter are changed.
o Have the lubrication unit drained and cleaned out – thereafter you should add fresh way lubricant
o If your machine is equipped with a cooling unit, have the cooling unit drained and refilled
 22
Yearly Maintenance Checklist For Machine Tools
First you need to note that the more axis your CNC Machine Tool has (like a 5-axis Machining Centre), the more
critical it becomes to keep it aligned and calibrated. For such complex machine tools, you’ll need to check on the status
of your machine beds, hydraulic systems, and spindle lubrication systems. You should also test to ensure that your
machine tool accuracy and machine tool level can meet your requirements.
Here are some must-dos for your machine tool every year:
o Have the spindle checked for radial and end play issues
o Have the chuck cylinder checked for run out
o Have the tailstock checked for misalignments and quill function
o Have the turret parallelism and inclination checked
o Have the whole machine checked for leakage of oil or air
o Have the headstock checked for any damage or misalignments, and the spindle taper at milling machines
o Have your distributor / supplier check the X, Y and Z axis gibs and adjust if necessary. Check in the same way the
function of your 4th axis table
o Have your distributor / supplier run a backlash program to check the backlash in X, Y and Z axis and adjust if
necessary
On an annual basis, it is recommended to have a CNC machine check overall done in respect of levelling, accuracy
and functionality. This should be done by the machine manufacturer service engineers or at least by well trained and
factory certified dealer engineers. These qualified professionals would know what to do and what to look out for – they
will also have the equipment at hand to do the job properly.
 23

CNC Outsourcing

Benefits if we do CNC Machining Outsourcing :

Fewer Errors or Errorless Machining

Wastage Reduction
Image of a Quality Brand
Better Productivity
 24

REFERENCES
Hwancheon Asia (2020, 8 April). [Checklist] Top Preventive Maintenance Tips For Your CNC Machine
Tools.
https://hwacheonasia.com/checklist-top-preventive-maintenance-tips-for-your-cnc-machine-tools/

adriansyahabdilahmastercnc (2013, 27 January). Cara perawatan mesin cnc milling dan turning.

https://adriansyahabdilahastercnc.wordpress.com/tutorial/cara-perawatan-mesin-cnc-milling-dan-turni
ng/

Orizonaero (2019, 14 October). CNC Machine Maintenance Tech.

https://recruiting.ultipro.com/tec1003/jobboard/981a3aea-a9ea-35fd-9a20-79e1ce161cdc/opportunity
detail?opportunityid=ec4028fb-436c-467d-ab85-9c6d9c8f9868

Reddit (2015, 11 August). Cost to run and maintain a CNC mill?.

https://www.reddit.com/r/Machinists/comments/3gfdcu/cost_to_run_and_maintain_a_cnc_mill/

Uidea Rapid Prototype (2019, 26 March). CNC Machining: Outsourcing the Service Can Help Your
Company Grow.
https://www.uidearp.com/news/CNC-Machining-Outsourcing-the-Service-Can-Help-Your-Company-Gr
ow.html

Absolute Machine Tools (2018, 30 March). The Importance of CNC Machine Maintenance.
 25

Contribution Group Member

Content Slide 2 - 4 Muhamad Iliyas
Content Slide 5 - 10 Achmad Afinadi
Content Slide 11 – 14 and 25 Bagus Sajiwo
Content Slide 15 - 19 Ferdian Gamalea Delasta
Content Slide 20 - 24 Juniar Putra Indra Kiswara
Fix and Design The Power Point Files Ferdian Gamalea Delasta
Coordinating The Group Bagus Sajiwo
 26

Thanks For
Your
Attention