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    Sequential Circuits wk9

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    Matthew Lewis
    This document summarizes sequential circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits as circuits whose output depends on the present input as well as past inputs. It describes two types of sequential circuits - synchronous which use a clock signal, and asynchronous which do not. It then explains four basic types of flip-flops - SR, JK, D and T. Finally, it outlines the process for designing a counter using flip-flops including developing the state diagram, transition table, truth table, logic equations and final implementation.

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    Sequential Circuits wk9

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Lewis
    56 views18 pages
    This document summarizes sequential circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits as circuits whose output depends on the present input as well as past inputs. It describes two types of sequential circuits - synchronous which use a clock signal, and asynchronous which do not. It then explains four basic types of flip-flops - SR, JK, D and T. Finally, it outlines the process for designing a counter using flip-flops including developing the state diagram, transition table, truth table, logic equations and final implementation.

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    Sequential Circuits wk9 (1)

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    This document summarizes sequential circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits as circuits whose output depends on the present input as well as past inputs. It describes two types of sequential circuits - synchronous which use a clock signal, and asynchronous which do not. It then explains four basic types of flip-flops - SR, JK, D and T. Finally, it outlines the process for designing a counter using flip-flops including developing the state diagram, transition table, truth table, logic equations and final implementation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views18 pages

    Sequential Circuits wk9

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Lewis
    This document summarizes sequential circuits and flip-flops. It defines sequential circuits as circuits whose output depends on the present input as well as past inputs. It describes two types of sequential circuits - synchronous which use a clock signal, and asynchronous which do not. It then explains four basic types of flip-flops - SR, JK, D and T. Finally, it outlines the process for designing a counter using flip-flops including developing the state diagram, transition table, truth table, logic equations and final implementation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT

    Presented by Jenice Lynch – [email protected]


    SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT
    • A sequential circuit is a logical circuit, where the output depends on the present value of the
    input signal as well as the sequence of past inputs.
    • A sequential circuit is a combination of combinational circuit and a storage element.
    • Sequential circuits use current input variables and previous input variables which are stored
    and provides the data to the circuit on the next clock cycle.
    TYPES OF SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
    • Sequential circuits are classified into two types
    • Synchronous Circuit
    • Asynchronous Circuit

    • Synchronous sequential circuits, the state of device changes at discrete times in response to a
    clock signal. 
    • Asynchronous circuits, the state of the device changes in response to changing inputs.
    Asynchronous sequential circuit
    These circuit do not use a clock signal but uses the pulses of the inputs. These circuits
    are faster than synchronous sequential circuits because there is no clock pulse and they
    change their state immediately when there is a change in the input signal. We use
    asynchronous sequential circuits when speed of operation is important
    and independent of internal clock pulse.
    Synchronous sequential circuit
    These circuit uses clock signal. Because they wait for the next clock pulse to arrive to
    perform the next operation, these circuits are bit slower compared to asynchronous.
    Level output changes state at the start of an input pulse and remains in that until the
    next input or clock pulse.
    • We use sequential circuits to design Counters, Registers, RAM, MOORE/MEALY Machine
    and other state retaining machines.

    • Elementary building blocks: Flip-flops


    FLIP-FLOP
    There are 4 types of flip-flops
    • SR Flip-Flop/RS Flip-Flop
    • JK Flip-Flip
    • Q Flip-Flop
    • T Flip-Flop
    S-R/R-S FLIP FLOP
    • The S-R flip-flop is the simplest flip-flop.
    • The inputs are Set and Reset.
    • The flip-flop basically uses NAND gates
    with an additional enable pin.
    • The circuit gives output only when the
    enable pin is high.
    • The NOR gate implementation is called the
    R-S flip-flop.
    • 1-1 input state is undefined
    JK FLIP-FLOP

    • JK flip-flop is one of the important flip-flops


    • an improvement on the SR flip flop as it can handle 1-1
    input state
    D FLIP-FLOP
    • D flip-flop has a single data line and a clock input.
    • The D flip-flop is the simplification of an SR flip-flop.
    T FLIP-FLOP
    • T or Toggle
    • changes its output on each clock pulse
    • can be made from a J-K flip-flop by tying both
    of its inputs high
    • useful for constructing binary
    counters, frequency dividers, and general binary
    addition devices
    COUNTER DESIGN
    1. Describe a general sequential circuit in terms of its basic parts and its input and outputs
    2. Draw the state diagram for the given sequence
    3. Develop  the FF transition table 
    4. Derive truth table for the specific counter sequence
    5. Use K-map to derive the logic equations
    6. Use the Boolean expressions to implement the counter
    COUNTER DESIGN
    Describe a general sequential circuit in Draw the state diagram for the given sequence
    terms of its basic parts and its input and
    outputs

    Design a 2 bit up/down counter with an


    input D which determines the up/down
    function. Thus when D=0, the count
    sequence is 00,01,10,11,00 ... when D=1,
    the count sequence is 00,11,10,01,00 …
    COUNTER DESIGN
    Develop  the FF transition table 

    J K Q (present) Q (next) State


    0 0 0 0
    No Change
    0 0 1 1 QN QN+1 J K
    0 1 0 0
    RESET/CLEAR 0 0 0 X
    0 1 1 0
    1 0 0 1 0 1 1 X
    SET/READY 1 0 X 1
    1 0 1 1
    1 1 0 1 1 1 X 0
    TOGGLE
    1 1 1 0
     

    COUNTER DESIGN
    Derive truth table for the specific Present State Next JK flip flop
    counter sequence State inputs
    D A B A B JA KA JB KB
    0 0 0 0 1 0 X 1 X
    QN QN+1 J K 0 0 1 1 0 1 X X 1
    0 0 0 X 0 1 0 1 1 X 0 1 X
    0 1 1 X 0 1 1 0 0 X 1 X 1
    1 0 X 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 X 1 X
    1 1 X 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 X X 1
    1 1 0 0 1 X 1 1 X
    1 1 1 1 0 X 0 X 1
    COUNTER DESIGN
    • Use K-map to derive the logic equations

    D 0 1 D0 1 0 1 D 0 1
    D
    AB AB AB AB
    00 0 1 00 X X 00 1 1 00 X X
    01 1 0 01 X X 01 X X 01 1 1
    11 X X 11 1 0 11 X X 11 1 1
    10 X X 10 0 1 10 1 1 10 X X

    J  = D’B + DB
    A
    K  = D’B + DB’
    A J  = 1
    B
    K  = 1
    B
    COUNTER DESIGN
    Use the Boolean expressions to implement the counter

    CLK

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