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    Secondary Memory

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    Yaniv Vinay
    Secondary memory is a computer's long-term storage method for data and information, as opposed to primary memory (RAM) which is short-term. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks, memory cards, and other devices that can store large amounts of data even when a computer is turned off. These storage devices can access data sequentially or directly through addressing, and range from tapes holding terabytes of data to memory cards holding gigabytes in a small form factor. Common examples discussed are hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and WORM devices.

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    Secondary Memory

    Uploaded by

    Yaniv Vinay
    2K views17 pages
    Secondary memory is a computer's long-term storage method for data and information, as opposed to primary memory (RAM) which is short-term. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks, memory cards, and other devices that can store large amounts of data even when a computer is turned off. These storage devices can access data sequentially or directly through addressing, and range from tapes holding terabytes of data to memory cards holding gigabytes in a small form factor. Common examples discussed are hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and WORM devices.

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    SECONDARY MEMORY

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    Secondary memory is a computer's long-term storage method for data and information, as opposed to primary memory (RAM) which is short-term. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks, memory cards, and other devices that can store large amounts of data even when a computer is turned off. These storage devices can access data sequentially or directly through addressing, and range from tapes holding terabytes of data to memory cards holding gigabytes in a small form factor. Common examples discussed are hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and WORM devices.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views17 pages

    Secondary Memory

    Uploaded by

    Yaniv Vinay
    Secondary memory is a computer's long-term storage method for data and information, as opposed to primary memory (RAM) which is short-term. Secondary memory includes magnetic tapes, disks, optical disks, memory cards, and other devices that can store large amounts of data even when a computer is turned off. These storage devices can access data sequentially or directly through addressing, and range from tapes holding terabytes of data to memory cards holding gigabytes in a small form factor. Common examples discussed are hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and WORM devices.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    SECONDARY MEMORY

    Vinita and Gaurav


    WHAT IS SECONDARY MEMORY ??

    • Secondary memory , is a computer's method of storing


    data and information on a more long-term basis than
    primary memory.
    • While primary memory (RAM, for example) is concerned
    mainly with storing programs currently executing and
    data currently being accessed, Secondary memory is
    generally intended for storing anything that needs to be
    kept even if the computer is switched off or no programs
    are currently executing.
    FEATURES OF SECONDARY MEMORY

    • Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the


    slowest and cheapest form of memory.
    • It cannot be processed directly by the CPU. It must
    first be copied into primary storage (also known
    as RAM ).
    • It can store very large amounts of data for extended
    periods of time.
    SECONDARY STORAGE

    SEQUENTIAL ACCESS DIRECT ACCESS

    MAGNETIC TAPE

    MAGNETIC DISK OPTICAL DISK

    FLOPPY DISK HARD DISK CD-ROM WORM


    SECONDARY MEMORY

    • Sequential Access: Data access in which the


    computer system must run through data in
    sequence in order to locate a particular piece.

    • Direct Access: Data access in which any


    piece of data be retrieved in a non-sequential
    manner by locating it using the data’s address.
    MAGNETIC TAPES
    • Tapes consist of magnetic materials that store data
    permanently. It can be 10.5 mm to 25 mm wide plastic film-
    type and 500 meter to 1200 meter long which is coated with
    magnetic material.
    • Magnetic tapes are used for large computers like mainframe
    computers where large volume of data is stored for a longer
    time.
    DIRECT ACCESS

    • Magnetic disks: A form of secondary storage


    on a magnetized disk divided into tracks and
    sectors that provide addresses for various
    pieces of data; also called hard disks.

    • Hard Disk
    • Floppy disk
    HARD DISK

    • Hard disk: Each disk consists of a number of invisible


    concentric circles called tracks. Information is recorded on
    tracks of a disk surface in the form of tiny magnetic spots.

    • The presence of a magnetic spot represents one bit and its


    absence represents zero bit. The information stored in a disk
    can be read many times without affecting the stored data.
    FLOPPY DISK
    • Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or
    FDD, Invented by the American information technology
    company IBM, floppy disks in 8 inch, 5¼ inch and 3½ inch
    forms enjoyed nearly three decades as a popular and
    ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange, from the mid-
    1970s to the late 1990s.
    OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES

    • Optical storage devices: A form of secondary storage


    in which a laser reads the surface of a reflective
    plastic platter.

    • Compact disk, read-only memory (CD-ROM).


    • Digital video disk (DVD ROM ).
    • Fluorescent multilayer disk (FMD-ROM).
    CD ROM & DVD ROM

    • CD ROMS,CD-RWs : A form of secondary storage that can be either only


    read and not written on or re-writable where it can be written numerous
    times. A standard 120 mm, CD-ROM can actually hold about 700 MB of
    data with error correction.
    • DVD ROMS,DVD-RWs: An optical storage device used to store digital
    video or computer data. A single-layer DVD-ROM can hold 4.7 GB.
    FLUORESCENT MULTILAYER DISK
    (FMD) - ROM

    • Introduced by Constellation 3D Inc. (C3D), Fluorescent Multi-Layer Disc


    holds up to 140 GB of data. This is currently 215 times more than a CD-
    ROM(.65 GB) and 23 times more than a DVD-ROM( 6 GB).
    • FMD-ROM discs contain fluorescent materials embedded in the pits and
    grooves of all 10+ layers. When in contact with a laser, the fluorescent
    materials are stimulated to produce coherent and incoherent light; data is
    stored in the incoherent light.
    MORE STORAGE DEVICES

    • Memory cards

    • Expandable storage devices

    • Worm
    MEMORY CARDS

    • Credit-card-size storage devices that can be installed


    in an adapter or slot in many personal computers (i.e.
    memory sticks, thumb drives).
    REMOVABLE DISK CARTRIDGES

    • Removable disk cartridges, used as backup storage for internal hard


    drives of PCs.
    • It delivers an easy-to-use, affordable, rugged and removable data
    protection .Fast disk based performance provides the ability to store
    upto750 GB of data on a single removable disk cartridge at speeds of
    up to 108 GB/hr. 
    WORM

    • Write-once-read-many-times is a simple, non-volatile memory with


    800 GB capacity and 160 MB/sec transfer rate.
    • Write-Once, Read-Many (WORM) capability. This feature allows
    customers to easily integrate a cost-effective solution to secure,
    manage, and archive compliant data records to meet stringent
    industry regulations.

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