Ce 55 Group 4 Report

Concrete Hollow
Blocks and Decorative

Blocks
By: Olladas, Juanerio, Ascura
Concrete Hollow Blocks
 Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB), are one of the most extensively used
walling materials in the Philippines. Some of the reasons for this is
their relative low cost when compared to other materials and speed of
installation by semi-skilled laborers.
 Concrete hollow blocks are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes
textures and strengths for various needs and convenience in masonry
construction.
 Among all concrete block units, the stretcher concrete hollow blocks
are the most widely used.
 Stretcher concrete hollow blocks are manufactured in three- and two-
core units. They are produced in 100mm(4”), 150mm(6”) and 200
mm(8”) thicknesses.
Background Information
 Advantages
- readily available product
- good thermal and sound resistance
- high fire resistance
- can be reinforced to increase lateral resistance against
earthquakes and typhoons
- 20+ years lifespan
 Standard Product Size in the Philippines
- Length = 40 cm
- Height = 20 cm
- Depth = 10 cm, 15 cm or 20 cm
 Product and Material Quality
- Crushed coarse sand or gravel is optimal for
the manufacture of CHBs. Avoid sand
sourced from rivers and coastal areas (sea
sand). The quality of CHBs varies
significantly from one supplier to the next.
 Supplier
- It is recommended to procure products from
suppliers with products certified by the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and
Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH).
 For the stretcher and other concrete block units with uniform
exterior modular dimensions of 200mm x 400mm(8” x 16”), the
number required per square meter of solid wall, fence, etc., is 12
and ½ pieces. However, to give allowance for wastage, it is
assumed here that 13 pieces are required per square meter.
 The quantity of 200mm x 400mm concrete blocks needed for a

given area of wall in square meters,(excluding columns, beams,
openings, etc.) could then be obtained with this formula:
Net CHB Area x 13 = Number of Concrete Blocks Required

Sample Problem
 Find the number of 150mm thick, 200mm x 400mm stretcher concrete
hollow blocks required for a solid wall which is 3.5 meters high and 5
meters long. The given measurements exclude columns and beams.
 Solution:
Area of Wall ---> 3.5m x 5m = 17.5 square meters

Number of CHB needed = Area x 13
= 17.5 x 13
= 227.5, say 228 pieces
Determining the
Correct
Measurements of
CHB Walls
Sample Problem
 Referring to Fig. C-4 ,estimate the number of stretcher concrete hollow blocks
required for walls (1), (2) and (3) based on these data:
a. Length of wall (1) = 4 m, using 150mm thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB
Size of door = 0.9 m x 2.1 m
b. Length of wall (2) = 5 m, using 150mm thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB
Size of window = 1.5 m x 2.25 m
c. Length of wall (3) = 4 m, using 100mm thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB
Vertical distances that comprise total height of the CHB walls:

Height of (A) from floor line to bottom of beam = 2.8 m
Height of (B) from ground line to floor line = 0.3 m
Depth of (C) from ground line to bottom of CHB= 0.3 m
Total height of CHB wall = 3.4 m
BEAM BLOCKS
 These CHB units are used
as lintel beams to support
designed floor or roof
loads, or to strengthen
walls against strong winds
and earthquakes. They are
also used over windows,
doors and other wall
openings.
BEAM BLOCKS
 These blocks should
have at least two
2mmØ and 16mmØ
steel reinforcing bars
for the 150mm and
200mm thick units,
respectively.
ESTIMATING FORMULA
 Length of Wall x 2.5 Available Sizes:
= No. of pieces per layer
required
 150x200x400mm
 200x200x400mm
 When more than one layer
of beam blocks are used,
multiply the results obtained
with the formula by the
number of layers.
 Add 5% allowance for

cutting wastage
L-BLOCKS (Corner)
 These concrete hollow
blocks are used at corners
and intersections of CHB
walls to make them fully
interlocked, resulting in
stronger and more rigid
wall-to-wall joints, at the
same time presenting
clean cut and smooth
surfaces.
L-BLOCKS (Corner)
Estimating Formula per corner
of wall
(Height of wall
corner/intersection) x 5 = No. of
pieces required
Available Sizes:
100x200x400mm
150x200x400mm
200x200x400mm
SINGLE END AND HALF BLOCKS
 Single end and half blocks
are used at side edges of
windows, doors, and other
openings. These two
blocks are used together,
with the half blocks
eliminating the need for
cutting.
SINGLE END AND HALF BLOCKS
 Estimating Formula
(Height of wall opening) x 10 =
No. of pieces required
 Divide the number of pieces

required by 2: one-half being
whole single end blocks and the
other half being half blocks.
 The result gives the number

required for 2 sides of the
opening.
SINGLE END AND HALF
BLOCKS
 Single End Blocks  Half Blocks
100x200x400mm 100x200x200mm
150x200x400mm 150x200x200mm
200x200x400mm 200x200x200mm
COMPUTATION OF MORTAR CELL
FILLERS AND BINDER VOLUME
PER BLOCK
Cement Mortar for
laying Concrete
Hollow Blocks
TYPICAL CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCK WALL CONSTRUCTION
TYPICAL CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCK WALL CONSTRUCTION
CEMENT MORTAR FOR LAYING
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
CEMENT MORTAR FOR LAYING
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
Decorative Concrete
Blocks
SQUARE DECORATIVE BLOCKS
For estimating the number of square decorative
blocks for any given wall using any design, the
formulas to be used are as follows:
For 200 x 200:

(Wall length x 5) x (Wall height x 5) = Number of
Pieces Required
For 250 x 250:

(Wall length x 4) x (Wall height x 4) = Number of
Pieces Required
RECTANGULAR DECORATIVE
BLOCKS
For estimating the number of rectangular decorative blocks for any
given wall using any design, the formulas to be used are as follows:
For 200 x 400 (Vertically Laid):

(Wall length x 5) x (Wall height x 2.5) = Number of Pieces Required
For 200 x 400 (Horizontally Laid):
(Wall length x 2.5) x (Wall height x 5) = Number of Pieces Required

(Wall length x 5) x (Wall height x 4) = Number of Pieces Required
For 200 x 250: (Horizontally Laid):
(Wall length x 4) x (Wall height x 5) = Number of Pieces Required
(Wall length x 6.66) x (Wall height x 3.33) = Number of
Pieces Required
For 300x 150: (Horizontally Laid):
(Wall length x 3.33) x (Wall height x 6.66) = Number of
Pieces Required
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Given: WL = 4.5 m; WH = 2.8 m
Solution:
a. For 200 x 200:
(4.5 x 5) x (2.8 x 5) = 22.5 x 14, lets say 22 x 14 = 308 pcs
b. For 250 x 250:

(4.5 x 4) x (2.8 x 4) = 18 x 11.2, lets say 18 x 11 = 198 pcs
c. For 200 x 400 (Vertically Laid):

(4.5 x 5) x (2.8 x 5) = 22.5 x 7, lets say 22 x 7 = 154 pcs
d. For 200 x 400: (Horizontally Laid):

(4.5 x 2.5) x (2.8 x 5) = 11.25 x 14, lets say 11 x 14 = 154pcs
Continuation:
e. For 200 x 250 (Vertically Laid):

(4.5 x 5) x (2.8 x 4) = 22.5 x 11.2, say 22 x 11 = 242 pcs
f. For 200 x 250 (Horizontally Laid):

(4.5 x4) x (2.8 x 5) = 18 x 22.4, say 18 x 22 = 396 pcs
g. For 150 x 300 (Vertically Laid):

(4.5 x 6.66) x (2.8 x 3.33) = 7.97 x 9.32, say 27 x 9 = 243 pcs
h. For 150 x 300: (Horizontally Laid):

(4.5 x 3.33) x (2.8 x 6.66) = 14.98 x 18.65, say 14 x 18
= 252 pcs
Exercises
Thank you!

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Concrete Hollow

Blocks and Decorative

 The quantity of 200mm x 400mm concrete blocks needed for a

Net CHB Area x 13 = Number of Concrete Blocks Required

Area of Wall ---> 3.5m x 5m = 17.5 square meters

Vertical distances that comprise total height of the CHB walls:

 Add 5% allowance for

 Divide the number of pieces

 The result gives the number

 Single End Blocks  Half Blocks

For 200 x 200:

For 250 x 250:

For 200 x 400 (Vertically Laid):

For 200 x 250 (Vertically Laid):

b. For 250 x 250:

c. For 200 x 400 (Vertically Laid):

d. For 200 x 400: (Horizontally Laid):

e. For 200 x 250 (Vertically Laid):

f. For 200 x 250 (Horizontally Laid):

g. For 150 x 300 (Vertically Laid):

h. For 150 x 300: (Horizontally Laid):

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