VERBAL & Non VERBAL COMMUNICATION

VERBAL &
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
The following discusses some verbal

elements of communication individually
 A speaker takes
pauses between PAUSE
utterances in order to
• A pause can also be a
allow listeners to
speaker’s signal to the
process what the
audience that he or she is
speaker said.
waiting for some indication
 A speaker may pause
from listeners as to whether
for longer than usual or not they understood
after an important what was said. This is
utterances in order to especially true if the
produce emphasis by speaker thinks what was
waiting for the uttered was something that
utterances to sink in may be difficult to hear,
among his listeners. comprehend or accept.
 Depending on the Loudness or
speaker’s style, Softness
emphasis can
achieved by either  However, the
speaking loudly or opposite is true in
softly. other cultures;
 An adept speaker speaking softly shows
knows when to raise that a speaker is
or lower his or her emphasizing a point.
voice. In some In addition, other
cultures, speaking emotions can be
loud is appropriate in expressed using the
emphasizing a point. loudness of softness
of voice.
RHYTHM
 Rhythm refers to the
speed and flow of a
speaker’s utterances.  The rhythm employed
A good rhythm by a speaker must
catches and holds appropriate to the
listener’s attention. content of his or her
 a sing song manner of message as well as the
speaker is trying to context in which the
entertain his or her speaker delivers a
listeners or to try to speech or participates
arouse a particular in a discussion.
emotion.
REPETITION AND
REPHRASING  another way to foster
understanding of a
 As part of the complex or difficult
speaker’s effort to idea is to rephrase
help the listener what has been said.
understand, the For this purpose, the
speaker will do well to expressions “ in other
repeat his or her words” or “that is” are
utterances especially if very useful.
the content of the
utterance if difficult to
understand.
 The tone of voice must
Tone be matched with other
elements of the
 tone of voice is communication situation
essential in including the relationship
communicating between the
effectively. The tone of communication
voice often shows the participants, the topic,
attitude of the speaker degree of formality and
toward the topic of emotions associated with
the listener. Listeners the situation or topic.
certainly do not  The tone of voice
appreciate an insolent determined by the culture
or impolite tone. to which the participants
belong.
Appropriate Form
of Language
 A speaker must use There are different
the appropriate form registers of any given
of language to be used language depending on
in given setting. The
technical term for the the formality of the
form of language used communication setting,
is register. participants, topic and
other factors.
NON - VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Non verbal communication involves expressing

oneself without the use of words. Because of its
nature, non verbal communication is more prone
to misinterpretation than verbal communication.
The following discusses different non verbal

communication individually:
GESTURES
 Gestures play an  a speaker must be
important role in aware of gestures that
communication. They are not acceptable
can help express a particularly when
speaker’s point better. speaking in a cross
 For instance, when a cultural context.
speaker describes
something as being
tall, the speaker may
raise his or her hand
to add emphasis to
what is being spoken.
EYE CONTACT
 It could mean that the
 When a speaker speaker is unsure of
maintain eye contact what to say or that he
with his or her or she does not clearly
listeners, he or she remember what to
gives the impression say.
of being serious about
what is being
discussed. Lack of eye
contact on the part of
the speaker can mean
several things.
POSTURE  In general, standing
with an erect body
 Good posture is and head makes fro
beneficial not only for good posture and is
health reasons but applicable in most
also for relating to settings. A sitting
others when speaking. posture may be
 In some cultures, acceptable if the
there are postures speaker has authority
that are unacceptable over the audience or is
because they seem to at an age in which
be relaxed when standing for some
setting calls for time is very tiring.
seriousness.
 The amount and extent
FACIAL of facial expression
EXPRESSION academic, informal, or
depends on how
 A speaker’s facial expression dramatic the speech

must match the topic of situation is.
discussion. For instance, when  A more personal,
the topic is something informal and dramatic
serious, the speaker must speech situation calls for
maintain a grim facial more intense use of
expression. facial expression than in
 In informal and non academic an academic speech
situations, smiling, laughing situation.
and other facial expressions
can help develop rapport wit
audience.
PROXEMICS
 Speakers must make  A distance of two
use of the space arm’s length is used
around them properly. between people who
The use of space in do not know each
communication is other.
called proxemics.
 one indication of
distance is the
closeness of the
speaker to his or her
listeners.
SENSITIVITY TO
LISTENER’S  A speaker must
REACTION realize if a gesture,
 a speaker must be facial expression, tone
sensitive to the of voice, or any other
reaction of his or he element that he and
listeners to a she uses is distracting
particular element or irritating to the
that the speaker used, audience or listeners
especially if the particularly if the
speaker is speaker uses the
communicating in a element repetitively.
cross cultural context.
Verbal and Non verbal components of communication must
work together in order to send and precise message.

VERBAL & Non VERBAL COMMUNICATION

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VERBAL & Non VERBAL COMMUNICATION

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VERBAL &

The following discusses some verbal

Non verbal communication involves expressing

The following discusses different non verbal

 A speaker’s facial expression dramatic the speech

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