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    Unit 1: Module 3 Biodiversity and Evolution

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    Michelle Baguio
    Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth. Changes in the environment can negatively impact biodiversity by causing species extinction. Some key global issues that contribute to species extinction include deforestation, water and air pollution, destruction of coastal resources, and acid precipitation. These issues degrade habitats and ecosystems, reducing populations and endangering species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for balanced, sustainable ecosystems.

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    Unit 1: Module 3 Biodiversity and Evolution

    Uploaded by

    Michelle Baguio
    35 views43 pages
    Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth. Changes in the environment can negatively impact biodiversity by causing species extinction. Some key global issues that contribute to species extinction include deforestation, water and air pollution, destruction of coastal resources, and acid precipitation. These issues degrade habitats and ecosystems, reducing populations and endangering species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for balanced, sustainable ecosystems.

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    Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth. Changes in the environment can negatively impact biodiversity by causing species extinction. Some key global issues that contribute to species extinction include deforestation, water and air pollution, destruction of coastal resources, and acid precipitation. These issues degrade habitats and ecosystems, reducing populations and endangering species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for balanced, sustainable ecosystems.

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    35 views43 pages

    Unit 1: Module 3 Biodiversity and Evolution

    Uploaded by

    Michelle Baguio
    Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth. Changes in the environment can negatively impact biodiversity by causing species extinction. Some key global issues that contribute to species extinction include deforestation, water and air pollution, destruction of coastal resources, and acid precipitation. These issues degrade habitats and ecosystems, reducing populations and endangering species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for balanced, sustainable ecosystems.

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    UNIT 1: MODULE 3

    BIODIVERSITY AND
    EVOLUTION
    Review from Grade 8
    What are
    is a the
    species?
    taxonomic
    classifications of organisms?
    Domain
    Species –=Kingdom
    a group of– Phylum
    – Class – Order
    organisms – Family
    that have certain–
    characteristics
    Genus - Speciesin common
    and are able to interbreed
    Objectives
    Explain the importance of biological
    diversity
    Find out how changes in the
    environment can affect species
    extinction
    Distinguish environmental changes
    that may result in the loss of the species
    Population = is a group of
    organisms of the same species
    living in a certain place at the
    same time.

    Community = also called biological


    community, in biology, an
    interacting group of various species in
    a common location.
    biodiversity

    Biodiverity = refers to the variety of life in an area. It is


    the variety within and between all species of plants,
    animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems within
    which they live and interact.
    How do scientists know that some
    places are more diverse?

    How do they know that diversity is


    declining on a worldwide basis?
    Index of diversity = is a quantitative
    measure that reflects how many
    different types (such as species) there
    are in a community
    Index of Diversity
    Calculate the Index of Diversity (I.D.)
    using the given formula:
    Index of diversity =
    Number of species x number of runs
    Total Number of different species
    Communities with many different species (a
    Why is biodiversity
    high index of diversity) will be able to
    important?
    withstand environmental changes better
    than communities with only a few species (a
    low index of diversity).
    In a balanced ecosystem, organisms need a balanced
    environment. A change in population sizes may be due
    to factors affecting the environment. Why is it that
    populations do not increase without end?
    Measuring Population Density
    Determine the pattern of population
    distribution using mathematical formula
    Compare the distribution patterns of the
    different populations.
    Population density = the number of
    individuals in an area
    Density = number of individuals
    size of the area
    Density = number of individuals
    size of the area
    FROG
    NO. OF FROGS= 13

    SIZE OF THE AREA


    15cm x 20cm= 300cm2
    15cm
    Density = 13 frogs
    300cm2
    = 0.04 frogs/cm2
    20 cm
    frog lizard
    Population Density
    Populations can be of the same size, but they may
    have different densities.
    Limiting factors
    environmental conditions that keep a population
    from over increasing in size and thus help
    balance ecosystems
    Examples of limiting factors:
    1. Food 6. light
    2. Water 7. temperature
    3. Predation
    4. Soil
    5. Nutrients
    Carrying Capacity
    The maximum population size an
    environment can support is called
    CARRYING CAPACITY

    If the population size rises above the


    carrying capacity, organism die because
    they cannot meet all their needs
    Endangered but not Extinct
    a species in which the number
    endangered
    of individuals falls so low that
    extinction is possible

    threatened Species that have rapidly


    decreasing numbers of individuals

    extinct Last member of that species


    is already dead
    Endangered species in the Philippines

    Tamaraw in
    Mindoro
    Endangered species in the
    Philippines

    Mouse deer
    in Palawan
    Endangered species in the
    Philippines
    Philippine Spotted Deer
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Deforestation
    - one of the country’s environmental problems is the
    rapid rate at which trees are cut down
    causes:
    Kaingin farming
    Illegal logging
    Conversion of argricultural lands to housing projects
    Forest fires
    Typhoons
    As a consequence of cutting down trees, the
    following effects are:
    Soil erosion
    Floods
    Landslides
    Wildlife depletion
    Decrease in wildlife resouces
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Water Pollution
    -is the contamination of water bodies (e.g.
    lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
    groundwater). 
    Causes:
    Industrial waste
    Marine dumping
    Oil pollution
    Radioactive waste
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Effects:
    EUTROPHICATION- is the process by
    which a body of water becomes enriched
    in dissolved nutrients (such as
    phosphates and nitrates)
    Algal bloom
    Harmful Algal blooms
    a discoloration of seawater caused by
    Red tide a bloom of toxic red dinoflagellates.
    Harmful Algal blooms
    Blue-green algae
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    BIOMAGNIFICATION
    - the buildup of pollutants in organisms at
    higher trophic levels in the food chain
    -one class of dangerous chemicals present
    in water is PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl)
    Produced in the making of
    paints, inks and electrical
    insulators
    Other pollutants found in water are
    heavy metals:
    lead, mercury and cadmium –
    these metals come from factories that
    dump their wastes into rivers or lakes
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Air Pollution
    -the presence in or introduction into
    the air of a substance which has
    harmful or poisonous effects.
    - pollutants can enter the air as gases,
    liquids or solids
    AIR POLLUTION
    Causes:
    1. Burning of fossil fuels
    Carbon monoxide

    hydrocarbons

    Nitrogen oxides
    AIR POLLUTION
    2. Agricultural activities
    AIR POLLUTION
    3. Mining operations
    AIR POLLUTION
    4. Indoor Air Pollution
    AIR POLLUTION
    Effects:
    1. Respiratory and heart problems
    2. Global warming – is an increase in the earth’s
    temperature from the rapid buildup of CO2
    greeenhouse effect- is the natural process of
    warming the earth

    CO2 Global warming

    3. Acid rain
    4. Depletion of ozone layer
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Destruction of coastal resources
    causes:
    Deforestation, agricultural activities,
    mining activities
    Dynamite fishing
    Coastal areas converted to beach resorts
    and residential houses
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Destruction of coastal resources
    Effects:
    Destruction of coral reefs
    Damaged mangrove areas
    Death of marine species
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Acid precipitation
    - commonly known as acid rain
    Acid rain is a rain or any other form of
    precipitation that is unusually acidic,
    meaning that it possesses elevated
    levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).
    Global Issues that have contributed to
    SPECIES EXTINCTION
    Acid Precipitation
    Effects:
    1. Effect of Aquatic Environment
    Acid Precipitation
    2. Effect on Forest
    Acid Precipitation
    3. Effect on Soil
    Acid Precipitation
    4. Effect on Architecture and Buildings
    Acid Precipitation
    4. Effect on Public Health

    respiratory problems

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