Computer Aided Manufacturing: Pradip G Patel Department of Mechanical Engineering Vieat, Anita (Kim)

Computer Aided
Manufacturing
Prepared by
Pradip G Patel
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
VIEAT, ANITA(KIM)
Introduction
• Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use of
computer
systems to plan, manage and control the operations of a manufacturing plant
through either direct or indirect computer interface with the plant’s production
resources
• In other words, the use of computer system in non-design activities but in
manufacturing process is called CAM
Types Of Manufacturing system
 Mass production system
 Batch production system
 Job shop
2
Evolution Of CAM
• The roots of CAD/CAM trail back to the beginning of civilization, when the
engineers of the ancient civilizations such as Egyptians, Greeks and
Romans acknowledged the importance of the graphical communication.
• Later on, Leonardo Da Vinci developed technics, such as cross-hatching
and isometric views
• The invention of computers and xerography made possible the creation of
graphics and visualization (1991)
• In the early 1950s, shortly after the World War II, the need for complex
parts led to the invention of the Numerical Control (NC) that substituted the
requirements for skilled human machine operators (Chang et al. 2006)
• At the same time another invention, namely the digital computer, assisted
the development of NC and provided the means for the creation of robots,
computer aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and
flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
3
Benefit of CAM
• The application of CAM in the production offers advantages to a company to
develop capabilities by combining traditional economies of scale with
economies of scope resulting in the desired flexibility and efficiency
• Greater supervision of the production
• Fast response to changes in market demand
• Greater flexibility
• Product variety
• Small lot-sizes
• Distributed processing capability
• Reduced waste
4
TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO CAM
There are several constituent technologies in (CAM). Some of them are:

• (i) Computer Numerical Control
• (ii) CAM software
• (iii) Robotics
• (iv) Flexible manufacturing
• (v) Computer Aided Process Planning
• (vi) Enterprise resource planning
• (vii) Product life cycle management
5
Computer integrated Manufacturing - Introduction
WHAT IS COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM)
 The term CIM comprises three words – computer, integrated and

manufacturing. CIM is the application of computers in manufacturing in an
integrated way.
 CIM is an attempt to combine computer technologies in order to manage

and control the entire business and manufacturing.
 CIM is the computerization of design, manufacturing, distribution and

financial/business function into one coherent system.
6
Computer integrated Manufacturing - Introduction
Definition
CIM is complete integration an automation of all function of factory i.e. design
,manufacturing planning and control, manufacturing and business function
Evolution of CIM
• Concept of CIM has been involved since 1970,and starting devoting as a
technology since 1980 .
• With globalization of economy ,manufacturing industries starting cometing with
each other all over the world
• This has transformed market from seller driven to buyer driven and customer
occupied in the center stage .
• The customer demanding more product variety ,better product Quality and low
cost product.
• This has to led emergence of CIM
7
Computer aided Manufacturing - Introduction
Factor affected to the development of CIM
 Development and advancement of CNC,FMS and automation technologies.
 Development of cost –effective and high speed computer system
 Market Challenger - high labor cost, global computation ,buyer driven market
 Customer demands – product variety ,better product Quality and law cost
product
8
Concept and Scope of CIM
• CIM system Applied computer and communication technology to
completely integrated and automate for following four factore
 Design
 Manufacturing planning and control
 Manufacturing
 Business Functions
 CIM and CAD/CAM are very closely related but scope of CIM is Broder then
CAD/CAM
 CAD/CAM covers only all Function Of factory Operation where CIM covers
Business Function in Addition .
9
10
CASA/SME’s CIM wheel
11
Is CIM a concept or a technology?
CIM is both a concept and a technology. For, top management, CIM is a

concept, a blueprint for success.
For, middle management and line managers, CIM is a technology, a physical
realization of resources that are more capable and flexible.
- Kant Vajpayee and Reiden
12
Historical review of CIM
• 1909 – Ford’s concepts of Production lines were used
• 1923 – Automatic transfer lines were introduced.
• 1952 – Generation of punched paper tapes
• 1954 – First NC Milling machine used.
• 1959 – application of control using digital computer
• 1960 – First NC Control Unimate Robot was installed.
• 1963 – Sketchpad usage
• 1965 – International business machines developed.
• 1973 – CNC – DNC Concepts developed
• 1980 - Concept of FMS established.

13
WHY CIM?
• To meet Competitive pressures.
• To coordinate and Organize data.
• To eliminate paper and cost associated with its use.
• To automate communication within a factory
• To facilitate simultaneous engineering.

14
Objectives of CIM
The main aim of CIM is to use the advanced information processing technology into all
areas of manufacturing industry
 More productive and efficient
 Increase product reliability
 Decrease the cost of production and maintenance
 Reduces the number of hazardous jobs
15
CIM I VS CIM II
CIM I – COMPUTER INTERFACED MANUFACTURING
aimed at interfacing the existing systems
result of the fourth generation of computers (data interfacing)
CIM II – COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING

the integration of total manufacturing enterprises through the use of
integrated systems and data communications
result of the fifth generation of computers (networking)
finally, CIM II is a true CIM which means at true integration of
systems
16
Computerized Elements of CIM system
17
Benefits of CIM
 Reduction in direct costs

 Reduction in engineering costs
 Reduction in manufacturing lead time
 Reduction in pre-production lead time
 Quicker response to market changes
 Reduced inventory
 Improved quality
 More effective management control of the business
Impact of CIM on Personal
• CIM has Affected all the company personnel from the lowest rank oprator
to the CEO of a company
• The Impact of CIM on the workforce is more then that on the technology
itself
Implementation Of CIM on Personnel
 Downsizing of workforce
 Requinto of change in skill set
 Specialist Need to generalize and Generalize Need to Special
 Culture change in management
18
Role of Manufacturing Engineers in CIM
• Manufacturing Engineer is Versatile in Nature
• Due to continuous upgrade and modification manufacturing engineer must
be closely interact with design engineer .
• Manufacturing Engineer Need to understand design process, especially
CAD Tool
• Manufacturing Engineer must be developed certain degree of experty in
the area of maintained of their own Machine .
• Manufacturing Engineer must understand the various system machine tool
like hydraulic system, pneumatic systems, electrical systems, and
computer system.
19
Role Of Management
• Development of business model for factory to understand the problem
• Develop a Functional model for the processes, function and activities
• Develop an information model for system interfaces , database
,information Exchange ,etc
• Develop a network model for communication and networking
• Develop an organizational model for integrating various island of

automation
• Develop the implementation plan which takes into account
special features of the business and operation .
20
THANK YOU
21

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Computer Aided

Types Of Manufacturing system

 Mass production system

 Batch production system

There are several constituent technologies in (CAM). Some of them are:

 The term CIM comprises three words – computer, integrated and

 CIM is an attempt to combine computer technologies in order to manage

 CIM is the computerization of design, manufacturing, distribution and

 Development and advancement of CNC,FMS and automation technologies.

 Development of cost –effective and high speed computer system

CIM is both a concept and a technology. For, top management, CIM is a

• 1952 – Generation of punched paper tapes

• 1954 – First NC Milling machine used.

• 1959 – application of control using digital computer

• 1960 – First NC Control Unimate Robot was installed.

• 1963 – Sketchpad usage

• 1965 – International business machines developed.

• 1973 – CNC – DNC Concepts developed

• 1980 - Concept of FMS established.

• To meet Competitive pressures.

• To coordinate and Organize data.

• To eliminate paper and cost associated with its use.

• To automate communication within a factory

• To facilitate simultaneous engineering.

 More productive and efficient

 Increase product reliability

 Decrease the cost of production and maintenance

 Reduces the number of hazardous jobs

CIM II – COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING

 Reduction in direct costs

• Develop an organizational model for integrating various island of

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