Introduction to CIM

Prof. Janakarajan Ramkumar

Professor
Department of Mechanical & Design Program
IIT Kanpur, India.

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 Contents

1. Introduction
2. What is CIM?
3. Processes Involved
4. Benefits and Usages
5. Challenges
6. Sub-systems
7. Present Scenario
8. Future Prospects

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 Introduction to CIM

• The idea of "digital manufacturing" became prominent in the early

1970s, with the release of Dr. Joseph Harrington's book, Computer
Integrated Manufacturing.

• However, it was not until 1984 when computer-integrated

manufacturing (CIM) began to be developed and promoted by machine
tool manufacturers and the Computer and Automated Systems
Association and Society of Manufacturing Engineers

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 Introduction to CIM
1. A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry
out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically
via computer programming.
2. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of
operations, called programs.
3. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide
range of tasks.

https://yasirrashid.com/science-technology/uses-of-computers-in-different-fields/
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 Introduction to CIM
Definitions: Manufacturing
1. Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials,
components or parts into finished goods that meet a customer's
expectations or specifications.

2. Manufacturing is a value-adding process allowing businesses to sell

finished products at a premium over the value of the raw materials
used.

https://it.cleanpng.com/cleanpng-17wyzy/preview.html
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 Introduction to CIM
What is CIM ?
Definitions:
1. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing
approach of using computers to control entire
production process. This integration allows individual processes to
exchange information with each other and initiate actions.

2. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) makes the use of

computer-controlled machineries and automation systems in
manufacturing products. CIM combines various technologies like
CAD and CAM to provide an error-free manufacturing process that
reduces manual labor and automates repetitive tasks.

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 Introduction to CIM
1. The term "computer-integrated manufacturing" is both a method of
manufacturing and the name of a computer-automated system in
which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support
functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized.

2. In a CIM system functional areas such as design,

analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control,
and distribution are linked through the computer with factory floor
functions such as materials handling and management, providing
direct control and monitoring of all the operations.

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Data flow in CIM

Yu et al., Manufacturing letters (2015)

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 CIM Wheel

http://pcb.iconnect007.com/index.php/article/99642/happys-essential-skills-cim-and-automation-planning-part-1/99645/?skin=pcb
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 Processes Involved

The various processes involved in a CIM are listed as follows:

• Computer-Aided Design
• Prototype manufacture
• Determining the efficient method for manufacturing by calculating the costs
and considering the production methods, volume of products, storage and
distribution
• Ordering of the necessary materials needed for the manufacturing process
• Computer-aided manufacturing of the products with the help of computer
numerical controllers

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 Processes Involved

The various processes involved in a CIM are listed as follows:

• Quality controls at each phase of the development.
• Product assembly with the help of robots
• Quality check and automated storage
• Automatic distribution of products from the storage areas to awaiting
lorries/trucks
• Automatic updating of logs, financial data and bills in the computer system.

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 Why CIM?

1. Error Reduction

2. Speed

3. Flexibility

4. Integration

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 Advantages of CIM
1. Error Reduction
Elimination of human error in many assignment and reporting functions
on factory floor operations drastically reduces the error rate.

2.Speed
CIM environments reduce the time it takes to perform manufacturing
fabrication and assembly, allowing quicker flow of product to customers
and increased capacity.

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 Advantages of CIM
3. Flexibility
With CIM companies quickly react to market conditions and then return
to previous settings when market conditions change.

4. Integration
CIM offers a degree of integration that enables the flexibility, speed and
error reduction required to compete and lead markets. Integrating
factory floor operations with enterprise software enables employees to
do higher value functions for their companies.

https://youroffice.com/4-simple-steps-to-practice-flexibility-in-your-business/
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 CIM Integration

Physical Application Business

Integration Integration Integration

CIM Evolution Time

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CIM Integration

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 Usages of CIM
1. Industrial and Production Engineering

2. Mechanical Engineering

3. Electronic Design Automation

1) Printed Circuit Board design
2) Integrated Circuit design

https://www.123rf.com/profile_macrovector
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 Challenges

1. Integration of components from different suppliers

2. Data Integrity

3. Process Control

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 Challenges
1. Integration of components from different suppliers:
When different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are using
different communications protocols (In the case of AGVs, even differing
lengths of time for charging the batteries) may cause problems.

2. Data Integrity
The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity of
the data used to control the machines. While the CIM system saves on
labor of operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in
ensuring that there are proper safeguards for the data signals that are
used to control the machines.

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 Challenges
3. Process Control
Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the
manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent engineer
on hand to handle circumstances which could not be foreseen by the
designers of the control software.

http://www.technologystudent.com/rmprp07/intman1.html
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 Sub-Systems in CIM:

Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in

a CIM operation:

1. Computer-aided techniques

2. Devices and equipments required

3. Technologies

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Sub-Systems in CIM:
CIM umbrella

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 Sub-Systems in CIM:
Devices and equipment required:
• CNC, Computer numerical controlled machine tools
• DNC, Direct numerical control machine tools
• PLCs, Programmable logic controllers
• Robotics
• Computers
• Software
• Controllers
• Networks
• Interfacing
• Monitoring equipment

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 Sub-Systems in CIM:
Technologies:
• FMS, (flexible manufacturing system)
• ASRS, automated storage and retrieval system
• AGV, automated guided vehicle
• Robotics
• Automated conveyance systems

Automated Guided Vehicles(AGV) https://gfycat.com/gifs/search/agvs

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 Present scenario

1. Smart manufacturing

2. Digital manufacturing

3. Internet Of Things (IOT)

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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 Present scenario
1. Smart manufacturing:
Smart manufacturing is a broad category
of manufacturing that employs computer-integrated manufacturing,
high levels of adaptability and rapid design changes, digital
information technology, and more flexible technical workforce
training. Other goals sometimes include fast changes in production
levels based on demand, optimization of the supply chain, efficient
production and recyclability.

https://blog.ifsworld.com/2018/08/era-of-the-smart-factory-how-can-manufacturers-get-to-the-future-quicker/
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 Present scenario
2. Digital Manufacturing:
Digital manufacturing is the use of an integrated, computer-based
system comprised of simulation, 3D visualization, analytics and
collaboration tools to create product and manufacturing process
definitions simultaneously.
Digital manufacturing evolved from manufacturing initiatives such
as design for manufacturability (DFM), computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM), flexible manufacturing and lean
manufacturing that highlight the need for collaborative product and
process design.

https://www.wileymetal.com/3-elements-of-digital-manufacturing/
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 Present scenario
2. Digital Manufacturing:

https://www.intelizign.com/blog/2019/01/10/industry-4-0-with-digital-manufacturing/

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 Present scenario
3. Internet Of Things (IOT):
1. There are essentially two different roles that the IOT can play in
manufacturing. It can connect the “things” that make your product—
machines and equipment—to potentially make your manufacturing
processes run more smoothly.
2. Or you can tap into data collected or generated by your products,
making them “smart” products.
3. IOT has multitudes of applications in manufacturing plants. It can
facilitate the production flow in a manufacturing plant, as IOT
devices automatically monitor development cycles, and manage
warehouses as well as inventories.

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 Present scenario
3. Internet Of Things (IOT):

IOT in manufacturing
https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/iot-in-manufacturing
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 Present scenario
4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) :
Artificial intelligence technology is now making its way into
manufacturing.
“AI will perform manufacturing, quality control, shorten design time,
and reduce materials waste, improve production reuse, perform
predictive maintenance, and more,” says Andrew Ng, the creator of
the deep-learning Google Brain project and an adjunct professor of
computer science at Stanford University.

https://www.effra.eu/events/2-july-2019-workshop-artificial-intelligence-manufacturing-presentations-and-report-available
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 Present scenario
4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) :

1. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-design/artificial-intelligence-transforms-manufacturing

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 Future Prospects

Cloud based manufacturing :

 Cloud models come as infrastructure, platform, and services.
Manufacturers can opt for the solution of choice and strategize
migration in stages. This makes cloud a flexible and convenient choice.
 Cloud allows the synchronization of data from multiple sources into a
single dashboard. Hence it relieves executives from the burden of
manually transferring data from one system to another.

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 Future Prospects
Cloud based manufacturing :

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cloud-manufacturing-abstract-from-20_fig8_236671408
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 Course plan
The course is divided into four major sections:
1. Introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
2. Computer integrated concepts
• Computer Aided Design
• Computer Aided Manufacturing
• Computer Numerical Control
3. Computers in Manufacturing Systems
4. Advanced CIM techniques

The course is reinforced with laboratory demonstrations, self-completion tasks, reading

articles, and weekly quizzes.

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 To recapitulate:

1. What is CIM?

2. What are major processes involved in CIM?

3. Why CIM (Benefits and Usages)?

4. Challenges to implement

5. Present and Future work in CIM

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Task for students

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Thank You

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