Flow Measurement
Flow Measurement
Flow Measurement
Flow
Measurement
CONTENTS
Flow rate & Fluid Flow Properties
Flow
Flow of Fluids that passes a specific point in a specified
period of time.
Flow rate refers as a velocity of the fluid or how fast fluid
moves.
Units
FT3 / Min, FT3 / Hr, GAL / Min, L / Hr, M3 / Hr
Properties of Fluid Flow
Laminar
Smooth flow is called laminar. With laminar flow fluid particles
move in parallel paths.
Turbulent
Flow is agitated and disturb. The fluid may have small or high
frequencies or eddies. Flow between laminar and turbulent is
transitional.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Orifice Plate
Installed in pipes to restrict the flow of
fluid through the pipes. A change in the
Velocity of a fluid through a pipe will
cause a change in the pressure exerted on the walls of the
pipe. The velocity of the liquid must increase because
of restriction. As the velocity increases, the pressure
decreases.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Used for Gas services and this hole allow the moisture / liquid
accumulated in the bottom of Orifice Plate to drain.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Flow Nozzle
A flow nozzle has a curved shape that is provided
for a relatively smooth flow of fluid through a
constricted space. The smooth upstream shape
allows the fluid velocity to increase smoothly and
very little turbulence is created.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Venturi tube
To avoid the pressure loss caused by orifice, venture tube is used.
Curved, stream lined section long and gradually expanding
downstream section. large pressure recovery can be made. Fluid can
flow smoothly through it with much higher velocity without the
turbulence. Thus provides more consistent pressure reading or more
accurate flow measurement.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Elbow taps
The elbow type primary element is based on centrifuge force
principle.
when fluid flow through an elbow, on turning point maximum
centrifugal force of fluid exerted on outer wall and minimum force
exerted on inner wall, this forces difference produces deferential
pressure across elbow.
Indirect Flow Measuring Methods
Pitot Tube
• Differential pressure device
and has the highest diff. pressure
output at low pressure process .
• Offers Little Resistance
ANNUBAR
ROTAMETER
Actually, it is a Variable area flow meter
(Orifice plate is the fixed area flow meter). It is used for
• clean liquid
• Low temperature
• Low pressure
Two types
1 Glass rotameter
2 Metal tube
Direct Flow Measuring Methods
ROTAMETER
Flow Measurement
ΔP Transmitter
Differential pressure gauges and differential pressure transmitters
are used as secondary elements. These convert all the
measurements into standard signals,
Flow Measurement
Flow Switches
A target disc can actuate the
switch. A flow switch turn an
electric circuit ON or OFF at a
preset flow. This flow is called
the set point of the switch. The
switch usually is a micro-
switch or a mercury switch.
Flow switches are used to
actuate alarm and shutdown
systems.
Flow switch High & Low Setting
Q & A Session !!!