GEOLOGICAL AND

METEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Lahat ba ng baha o bagyo ay disaster?
Bantang Panganib
(Hazard)
Pangyayaring likas o gawa
ng tao na maaring magdulot
ng pinsala sa buhay,
kabuhayan o pagkatigil ng
panlipunan (social) at pang
ekonomiyang gawain ng
isang lugar
Bulnerabilidad (Vulnerability)
Mga kahinaan, kondisyon, at salik na hadlang sa
kakayahang umangkop o bigyang proteksyon ang sarili at
komunidad mula sa panganib, at bumangon mula sa
pinsala ng disaster
Kapasidad (Capacity)
Pinagsama-samang lakas ng
tao, pamilya at komunidad
na makatulong para
mabawasan ang epekto,
mapaghandaan at makabawi
mula sa sakuna
Sakuna (Disaster)
Nangyayari kapag ang bantang panganib ay tumama sa
bulnerableng tao at komunidad na hindi sapat ang
kapasidad, at nagreresulta sa malawakang pinsala.
Disaster Risk
Posibilidad na mangyari ang
disaster at kung gaano
katindi ang pinsalang
maidudulot nito
Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
• It is exposed to disasters and hazards due to its geographic
and geology
• Tropical cyclones and its sequential effects of rain and
windstorm, as well as floods are the most prevalent types
of meteorological hazards in the country
• Environmental factors such as denuded forests aggravate
flood risks
• Philippines is situated along highly seismic area lying along
the Pacific Ring of Fire and is highly-prone to earthquakes
Philippine Disaster
Risk Profile
The Ring of Fire is an area in
the basin of the Pacific
Ocean where a large
number of earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions occur. It
is associated with a nearly
continuous series of oceanic
trenches, volcanic arcs and
volcanic belts and/or plate
movements
Earthquake Hazard Map
Flood Hazard Map
What is an Earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground
caused by the shifting of rocks beneath the earth’s surface.
Earthquakes strike suddenly, without warning, and can
occur at any time of the year - day or night. The impacts of
earthquakes include deaths, injuries and property damage,
loss of shelter and livelihood, disruption of critical or
‘lifeline’ infrastructure, and destruction of community.
What is an earthquake?

VOLCANIC TECTONIC
Earthquakes produced by Earthquakes produced sudden
movement of magma beneath movement of rocks along
volcanoes or by eruption faults and plate boundaries
Earthquake Secondary Hazards

GROUNDSHAKING FIRE LANDSLIDE

LIQUEFACTION TSUNAMI GROUND RUPTURE

PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY I - Scarcely perceptible
• Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly.
• Still water in containers oscillates slowly.
INTENSITY II - Slightly felt
• Felt by few individuals at rest indoor.
• Hanging objects swing slightly.
• Still water in containers oscillates noticeably.
INTENSITY III - Weak
• Felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of buildings.
• Hanging objects swing moderately.
• Still water in containers oscillates moderately.
• Feels like a light truck passing by.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY IV - Moderately Strong
• Felt generally by people indoors and by some people outdoors.
• Hanging objects swing considerably.
• Standing motorcars may rock slightly.
• Liquids in containers are slightly disturbed.
• Water in containers oscillate strongly.
• Rumbling sound may sometimes be heard.
• Feels like a heavy truck passing by.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY V - Strong
• Generally felt by most people indoors and outdoors.
• Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout building.
• Hanging objects swing violently.
• Small, light and unstable objects may fall or overturn.
• Liquids spill from filled open containers.
• Standing vehicles rock noticeably.
• Shaking of leaves and twigs of trees are noticeable.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY VI - Very Strong
• Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted.
• Wall plaster may crack.
• People may lose balance.
• Small church bells may ring.
• If on the road, it may feel like driving with flat tires.
• Very old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are slightly
damaged though well-built structures are not affected.
• Limited rockfalls and rolling boulders occur in hilly to mountainous
areas and escarpments.
• Trees are noticeably shaken.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY VII - Destructive
• Heavy objects and furniture overturn or topple.
• Difficulty standing on upper floors.
• Old or poorly-built structures suffer considerable damage.
• Some well-built structures are slightly damaged.
• Some cracks may appear on dikes, fishponds, road surface, or concrete
hollow block walls.
• Limited liquefaction*, lateral spreading and landslides are observed.
• Trees are shaken strongly.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY VIII - Very Destructive
• People find it difficult to stand even outdoors.
• Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged.
• Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or overturned.
• Liquefaction, & numerous landslides and rockfalls occur.
• Fissures and fault rupture may be observed.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY IX - Devastating
• People are forced to the ground
• Most buildings are totally damaged.
• Bridges and elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed.
• Numerous utility posts, towers and monument are tilted, toppled or
broken.
• Water sewer pipes are bent, twisted or broken.
• Landslides and liquefaction with lateral spreadings and sandboils are
widespread.
• The ground is distorted into undulations.
• Trees are shaken very violently with some toppled or broken.
• Boulders are commonly thrown out.
• River water splashes violently on slops over dikes and banks.
PHILVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
INTENSITY X - Completely Destructive
• Many trees are toppled, broken, and uprooted.
• Practically all man-made structures are destroyed.
• Massive landslides and liquefaction, large scale subsidence and uplifting
of land forms and many ground fissures are observed.
• Changes in river courses and destructive seiches in large lakes occur.
BAGO ANG LINDOL
Ang susi sa mabisang pagpaplano
laban sa kalamidad ay ang kahandaan.
• Alamin kung ang inyong lugar ay nasa
dinadaanan o malapit sa kinaroroonan ng isang
“active fault” o kung ito ay lugar na may
malambot na lupa na maaring mag-“liquefy”
kung magkaroon ng lindol.
• Siguraduhin ang matibay na pagkakagawa sa
mga bahay o gusali at ang pagkakagawa ay
dapat na umaayon sa tama at
iminumungkahing “safe engineering practice”
ng mga dalubhasa.
• Alamin kung ang kinaroroonan ng gusali at iba
pang mahahalagang imprastraktura ay
matitibay, pagtibayin pa kung kinakailangan.
BAGO ANG LINDOL
Ihanda ang inyong tahanan at lugar na
pinagtatrabahuhan sa pagkakaroon ng
lindol.
• Itali ang mga mabibigat na kagamitan o
kasangkapan sa dingding upang maiwasan ang
pagkahulog.
• Ang mga babasagin, mga nakakalasong
kemikal at mga bagay na madaling magliyab ay
dapat na nakalagay o nakatago sa pinakailalim
na bahagi ng mga istante at dapat na ito’y
hindi madaling magalaw o matapon.
• Ugaliin ang pagsasara ng mga tangke ng gas
pagkatapos gamitin.
BAGO ANG LINDOL
Sanayin ang sarili sa iba’t-ibang lugar
sa inyong tahanan at opisina.
• Alamin ang mga matitibay na bahagi ng inyong
gusali katulad ng hamba ng pintuan, mga lugar
na malapit sa “elevator shafts”, matitibay na
lamesa kung saan maaaring manatili habang
lumilindol.
• Matutong gumamit ng fire extinguisher, first
aid kit, alarms at emergency exit. Ang lahat ng
ito ay dapat na nasa mga lugar na madaling
puntahan at malapitan at may palatandaan o
markang madaling makita.
BAGO ANG LINDOL
Karaniwang sanhi ng pagkapinsala
kapag may lindol ay dahil sa mga
naglalaglagang bagay.
• Ang mga mabibigat na kagamitan ay dapat
nakalagay sa ilalim na bahagi ng mga istante.
• Tiyakin ang matibay na pagkatali ng mga
nakabiting bagay na maaaring makalag at
bumagsak kapag nagkaroon ng lindol.
• Maghanda at pamalagiin ang isang
“earthquake survival kit” na naglalaman ng de
bateryang transistor, flashlight, first aid kit,
tubig na maiinom, kendi mga de lata at iba
pang “ready-to-eat” na pagkain, pito at gas
mask.
HABANG NAGAGANAP
ANG LINDOL
Kung nasa loob ng isang matibay
na gusali, manatili sa loob.
• Tumayo sa ilalim ng hamba ng pintuan
o magtago sa ilalim ng matibay na
mesa upang maprotektahan ang sarili
sa mga naglalaglagan at
naghahampasang bagay.
HABANG NAGAGANAP
ANG LINDOL
Kung nasa labas, pumunta sa
isang ligtas at bukas na lugar.
• Lumayo sa mga poste ng kuryente,
pader at iba pang istraktura na
maaaring bumagsak o matumba.
• Huwag manatili sa mga gusaling may
mga salaming mababasag.
HABANG NAGAGANAP
ANG LINDOL
Kung nagmamaneho, itabi at
ihinto ang sasakyan.
• Huwag magtangkang tumawid sa tulay
o sa overpass dahil maaaring napinsala
na ito ng lindol.
• Kung nasa gilid ng bundok o dalisdis,
lumayo muna sa mga lugar na
maaaring aapektuhan ng pagguho ng
lupa.
HABANG NAGAGANAP
ANG LINDOL
Kung nasa tabing dagat at
nagkaroon ng malakas na
paglindol dahilan upang
mahirapang makatayo, mas
makabubuting isipin at ipalagay
na magkakaroon ng “tsunami”.
Tumakbo ng mabilis patungo sa
lugar na palayo sa tabing dagat.
MATAPOS ANG
LINDOL
Kung inabutan ng lindol sa isang
lumang gusali, maglakad ng
mabilis at hanapin ang pinaka-
ligtas na daan.
• Lumabas ng matiwasay at maayos nang
hindi nag-uunahan.
• Gumamit nang hagdan sa pagbaba.
Huwag gumamit ng elebetor.
• Suriin ang sarili at ang iba sa mga
pinsala.
MATAPOS ANG LINDOL
Maliban kung nangangailangan ng
kagyat na tulong:
• Huwag gamitin ang linya ng inyong telepono
upang tumawag sa mga kamag-anak at
kaibigan. Ang mga linya ng telepono ay
kailangan ng mga maykapangyarihan para sa
madaliang pagkalap at pagsa-salin ng mga
impormasyon tungkol sa kalamidad na
naganap.
• Huwag gamitin ang inyong sasakyan upang
magmaneho at mag-masid sa mga
napinsalang lugar. Kailangan ang maluwag na
kalsada para sa mabilis na operasyon ng mga
taong magliligtas at magbibigay tulong sa
mga taong napinsala.
MATAPOS ANG LINDOL
Tumulong na pababain ang bilang ng
mga taong napinsala.
• Huwag pumasok sa mga gusaling may
nasirang bahagi. Maaring matuluyan ang
pagkaguho o pagbagsak ng mga ito kapag
dumating ang malalakas na “aftershock”.
• Makinig at mangalap ng balita at mga
instruksyon galing sa mga may kapangyarihan
tungkol sa mga paraan ng pag-iwas sa mga
sakuna sa pamamagitan ng pakikinig sa mga
de bateryang transistor.
• Sumunod sa mga reglamentong
pangkaligtasan.
MATAPOS ANG LINDOL
Siyasatin ang kapaligiran.
• Linisin ang mga lumigwak o natapong
nakakalason at madaling magliyab na mga
kemikal upang maiwasan ang pagkakaroon ng
mga di kanais-nais na pangyayari at pagdami
pa ng mga mapipinsala. Alamin ang
posibilidad ng pagkakaroon ng sunog at agad
na kontrolin at supilin ito.
• Siyasatin ang linya ng tubig at kuryente.
Tingnan kung nagkaroon ng diperensya o sira
ang mga ito. Kung inaakalang nagkaroon ng
sira, patayin ang pinaka-linya ng tubig o
kuryente.
MATAPOS ANG
LINDOL
Kung kinakailangang lisanin ang
tahanan, mag-iwan ng mensahe
kung saan nakasaad ang lugar na
patutunguhan.
Dalhin ninyo ang “gamit pangkaligtasan
pang lindol”, na naglalaman ng
mahalagang bagay para sa inyong
proteksyon at kaginhawaan.
What is a Typhoon?
A typhoon is a type of large storm system having a circuclar
or spiral system of violent winds, typically hundreds of
kilometers in diameter. The energy that powers typhoon
comes from the evaporation of warm ocean water. Warmer
ocean water produces more powerful typhoon, which can
grow into “Super Typhoon.”
Effects of Typhoon

STRONG WINDS
Strong winds can damage or
destroy vehicles, buildings,
bridges, personal property
and other outside objects,
turning loose debris into
deadly flying projectiles.
Effects of Typhoon

STORM SURGE
The storm surge, or the
increase in sea level due to the
cyclone, is typically the worst
effect from landfalling
tropical cyclones, historically
resulting in 90% of tropical
cyclone deaths.
Effects of Typhoon
HEAVY RAINS
The thunderstorm activity in a
tropical cyclone produces
intense rainfall, potentially
resulting in flooding,
mudslides, and landslides.
Inland areas are particularly
vulnerable to freshwater
flooding, due to residents not
preparing adequately.
Public Storm Warning Signals
Weather Bulletins
Rainfall Advisories
BE PREPARED FOR TYPHOONS
BE PREPARED FOR TYPHOONS
BE PREPARED FOR TYPHOONS
What is a Flooding?
Flooding is the overflowing of water in rivers, lakes, streams
and other bodies of water that causes the outflow of water
from the surrounding low areas. Heavy rainfall is the
primary reason. Floods are natural hazards but frequency is
also increased by human activities such as deforestration
and improper drainage system. It causes damage to
property and loss of lives.
Causes of Flooding
HEAVY AND CONTINUOUS RAINFALL caused by
bad weather such as typhoons, thunderstorms, the
intertropical convergence zone, monsoon
(habagat, amihan, cold front and low pressure
area.

STORM SURGE is the increase in sea level due to

the cyclone. It is typically the worst effect from
landfalling tropical cyclones, historically resulting
in 90% of tropical cyclone deaths.
Causes of Flooding
HIGH TIDE is the increase in sea level with a
torrent of water in rivers and streams can cause
severe flooding in places where the sea and
estuary is visible.

BUILDING OF HOUSES ALONG ESTEROS AND

RIVERBANKS. The houses near the river and creeks
will disrupt the normal flow of water.

ILLEGAL WASTE DISPOSAL. Wastes disrupt the

normal flow of water in esteros and canals.
Causes of Flooding
DEFORESTATION. The destruction of forest trees in
such a manner as to leave practically little or no
chance at all of normal recovery for a forest.
Denuded forests causes flashflooding.

CONTINOUS URBANIZATION. The construction of

roads and other structures without the ability or
provision to absorb new volume of wastewater
and rainwater.
Types of Flooding
RIVERINE FLOOD. Due to
continuous rains,
overflowing of rivers can
cause flooding in low-lying
areas. The sudden flooding
or flash floods usually
occurs in just a short time
and causes soil erosion and
sometimes the destruction
of bridges and buildings
Types of Flooding

DRAINAGE FLOOD. Results

of rainwater that
accumulates near the place
where rainfalls which the
drainage system cannot
handle. This usually
happens in the cities.
Types of Flooding
COASTAL FLOOD. This
happens when there is
strong wind pushing waves
toward the low coast and
surrounding areas.
Increasing seawater and
low-lying areas; it becomes
more severe if the weight
fell together the high tide
and heavy rains.
MMDA Flood Gauge
What to do BEFORE a Flood?
• Ready an emergency kit that contains essential items such
as a first aid kit, flashlight and extra batteries, a signaling
device such as a whistle, drinking water, ready-to-eat
food, clothes, a personal hygiene kit, garbage bags, duct
tape, basic utility tools, important documents,
communication devices and emergency cash.

• Talk with your family and set up a plan to ensure that you
and your loved ones are able to stay connected in the
event that you are not together when the flood hits.
What to do DURING a Flood?
• If your house is affected by the flood, turn off the main
electrical switch
• Watch the TV or listen to radio and be updated on local
emergency information
• Refrain from using electrical appliances while standing on
wet floors or carpet
• Do not ignore warnings regarding flash floods. If your
area is at risk, head immediately to higher ground. Do not
hesitate. Do not wait.
What to do DURING a Flood?
• Refrain from walking through moving water. Don’t risk
taking any injury
• Abandon your vehicle if your trapped as just two feet of
water can carry most vehicles
• While moving around, be cautious especially at night
What to do AFTER a Flood?
• Continue to monitor the radio and TV for information and
advice regarding the weather condition, the flood, or your
area.

• Continue to avoid contact with floodwater as much as

possible to reducing the risk of being exposed to harmful
material such as raw sewage and gasoline, and getting
diseases.
What to do AFTER a Flood?
• Consult your doctor right away if you waded in flood
water and you are already developing flu-like symptoms
to determine if you have leptospirosis, a deadly disease
that you can get from water contaminated with rat urine.

• Avoid areas damaged by flood unless you are working

with organizations as volunteer who would deliver relief
operations.
[THANK YOU]