Shake

EARTHQUAKE
Reported by: Carmella Rodolfo Mikka Requejo Bernaflor Pielago Sarah Jean Estayan
What is an Earthquake?
also known as a quake, tremor or temblor Result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earths surface. Earthquakes happen along "fault lines" in the earths crust.
FAULT
Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last less than one minute. Foreshocks are smaller earthquakes that may occur in the same area as a larger earthquake that follows. Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that may occur after the mainshock, in the same area.
Mainshock are the largest earthquake of the series. Earthquakes cannot be predicted -although scientists are working on it!
FACT and FICTION about EARTHQUAKE

Fiction: Earthquakes usually happen in the morning. Fact: Earthquakes happen in both the day and the night. There is no pattern. Fiction: There is such a thing as "earthquake weather." Fact: There is no connection between earthquakes and weather. Remember, earthquakes happen deep in the earth, far away from the weather!
FACT and FICTION about EARTHQUAKE

Fiction: We can prevent earthquakes from happening. Fact: No. You can protect yourself by doing things to secure buildings, like your home, but earthquakes cant be prevented -- or predicted.
CAUSES of EARTHQUAKE
Caused by movements of plates underneath the Earth's surface. The places where these plates meet are breaks in the Earth's crust called faults.
CAUSES of EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes often happen when plates along the faults move in different directions. These shifting plates create energy that is called seismic waves. These waves move outward just like waves that are formed by a disturbance in a body of water (picture the rings in a lake when you throw in a pebble).
Types of Seismic Waves

Body waves travel underneath the Earth's surface, through solids, liquids and gas. Primary body waves are the fastest. When they reach the surface they become surface waves, and they continue to travel above the ground.
Types of Seismic Waves

Secondary body waves come right after the primary waves and don't reach the surface. Surface waves are the slowest waves. They cause the most intense vibrations and damage at the end of an earthquake.
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
Primary effects are the immediate damage caused by the quake, such as collapsing buildings, roads and bridges, which may kill many people. Those lucky enough to survive can suffer badly from shock and panic.
Secondary effects are the after-effects of the earthquake, such as fires, tidal waves, landslides and disease.
Fire - earthquakes destroy gas pipes and electric cables, causing fires to spread. Broken water mains prevent the Fires being extinguished. Fires spread very quickly in cities, especially in poor-quality housing areas where wooden buildings are common.
-Tsunamis - an earthquake on the sea floor or close to the coast may cause huge waves. - Landslides - earthquakes often cause landslides, especially in steep river valleys and areas of weak rocks.
- Disease and famine - fresh water supplies are often cut off causing typhoid and cholera. Lack of shelter and food causes much suffering.
Soil liquefaction when soils with a high water content are violently shaken they lose their mechanical strength and behave like a fluid and so buildings can literally sink.
INCIDENCE
Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines 1968 August 02 Ms7.3 Casiguran Earthquake 1973 March 17 Ms7.0 Ragay Gulf Earthquake 1976 August 17 Ms7.9 Moro Gulf Earthquake 1983 August 17 Ms6.5 Laoag Earthquake
Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines
1990 February 08 Ms6.8 Bohol Earthquake 1990 June 14 Ms7.1 Panay Earthquake 1990 July 16 Ms7.9 Luzon Earthquake 1994 November 15 Ms7.1 Mindoro Earthquake 1996 May 27 Ms5.6 Bohol Earthquake
Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines
1999 June 07 Ms5.1 Bayugan Earthquake 2002 March 06 Ms6.8 Palimbang Earthquake 2003 February 15 Ms6.2 Masbate Earthquake
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Preparedness Guide Pre-Earthquake I. Planning for Effective Disaster Prevention 1. Know the earthquake hazards in your area 2. Follow the structural design and engineering 3. Evaluate the structural soundness of the buildings and houses, strengthen or retrofit, if necessary
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Preparedness Guide
II. Prepare your homes, workplace or schools 1. Strap or bolt heavy furniture/ cabinets to the walls 2. Check the stability of hanging objects like ceiling fans and chandeliers 3. Store properly breakable items, harmful chemicals, and flammable materials
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Preparedness Guide
III. Familiarize yourself with the exit routes. Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms, and communication facilities are located. Learn how to use them beforehand. Prepare a handy emergency supply kit with first aid kit, canned food and can opener, water, clothing, blanket, battery-operated radio, flashlights, and extra batteries.
IV. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills

During Earthquake
I. When you are inside a structurally sound building or home, stay there and remain calm. 1. If possible, quickly open the door for easy exit
2. Duck under a sturdy desk or table and hold on to it, or protect your head with your arms. 3. Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets and other heavy objects
II. If you are outside, move to an open area 1. Stay away from trees, power lines, posts and concrete structures.
2. Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides 3. If you are near the shore during an earthquake, move quickly to higher grounds. A tsunami might occur. 4. If you are in a moving vehicle, stop it and move out. Do not attempt to cross bridges, overpasses, or flyovers which have been damaged.
Post-Earthquake I. Be prepared for aftershocks. Once the shaking stops, take the fastest and safest way out of a building. 1. Dont use elevators, enter damaged buildings, or use telephone unless needed. Do not panic.
2. Check yourself and others for injuries. Check water and electrical lines for damages. Check for spills of chemical, toxic, or flammable materials. Check and control fires which may spread. II. If you need to evacuate from your residence, leave a message stating where you are going for family members and concerned people to know. Bring your emergency supply kit with you.
III. Be updated on disaster prevention instructions from battery-operated radios. (PHIVOLCS/RJB/ DBNV/ PIA-NCR)
Six Major Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Earthquakes

1. Enhance the legal framework and institutional capacity for effective disaster management system. 2. Build capacity for relief and recovery.
3. Strengthen community preparedness for disaster. He said communities not be too dependent on government
4. Strengthen building and structures including power and water facilities 5. Enhance national government resistance to earthquakes.
6. Promote research and technology development for earthquake impact reduction measures
Earthquake preparedness should be everyones business

--Renato Solidum Jr., PHIVOLCS chief

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EARTHQUAKE

FACT and FICTION about EARTHQUAKE

FACT and FICTION about EARTHQUAKE

Types of Seismic Waves

Types of Seismic Waves

Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines

Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Preparedness Guide

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Preparedness Guide

IV. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills

Six Major Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Earthquakes

Earthquake preparedness should be everyones business

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