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    Civil SOIL LIQUEFACTION

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    Stan Jamel
    This document discusses soil liquefaction, which occurs when saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness during earthquakes or rapid loading, causing the soil particles to become suspended in water and behave like a liquid. Key terms defined include saturated soils and pore water pressure. Examples of liquefaction damage from earthquakes in Niigata, Japan and Olympia, Washington are provided. The document discusses factors that affect liquefaction occurrence and methods to reduce liquefaction risk, such as avoiding development on susceptible soils, improving soil conditions, and designing ductile foundations that can accommodate deformation.

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    Civil SOIL LIQUEFACTION

    Uploaded by

    Stan Jamel
    90 views15 pages
    This document discusses soil liquefaction, which occurs when saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness during earthquakes or rapid loading, causing the soil particles to become suspended in water and behave like a liquid. Key terms defined include saturated soils and pore water pressure. Examples of liquefaction damage from earthquakes in Niigata, Japan and Olympia, Washington are provided. The document discusses factors that affect liquefaction occurrence and methods to reduce liquefaction risk, such as avoiding development on susceptible soils, improving soil conditions, and designing ductile foundations that can accommodate deformation.

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    This document discusses soil liquefaction, which occurs when saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness during earthquakes or rapid loading, causing the soil particles to become suspended in water and behave like a liquid. Key terms defined include saturated soils and pore water pressure. Examples of liquefaction damage from earthquakes in Niigata, Japan and Olympia, Washington are provided. The document discusses factors that affect liquefaction occurrence and methods to reduce liquefaction risk, such as avoiding development on susceptible soils, improving soil conditions, and designing ductile foundations that can accommodate deformation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views15 pages

    Civil SOIL LIQUEFACTION

    Uploaded by

    Stan Jamel
    This document discusses soil liquefaction, which occurs when saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness during earthquakes or rapid loading, causing the soil particles to become suspended in water and behave like a liquid. Key terms defined include saturated soils and pore water pressure. Examples of liquefaction damage from earthquakes in Niigata, Japan and Olympia, Washington are provided. The document discusses factors that affect liquefaction occurrence and methods to reduce liquefaction risk, such as avoiding development on susceptible soils, improving soil conditions, and designing ductile foundations that can accommodate deformation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    University of salahaddin

    College of engineering
    Civil department

    Soil Liquefaction

    Presented by : Stanick Jamel slewa


    Key terms
    SATURATED SOILS: PORE WATER PRESSURE:
    SOILS IN WHICH THE SPACE PRESSURE EXERTED ON
    (VOIDS) BETWEEN THE SOIL PARTICLES OF SOIL BY THE
    PARTICLES IS COMPLETELY WATER IN THE VOIDS.
    FILLED WITH WATER
    SOIL LIQUEFACTION
    A SATURATED SOIL SUBSTANTIALLY LOSES STRENGTH AND
    STIFFNESS UNDER EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE SHAKING AND
    OTHER RAPID LOADING.
    THE SOIL PARTICLES BECOME ‘SUSPENDED’ IN THE
    WATER.
    THE SOIL MOMENTARILY LOSE CONTACT AND SOIL
    BEHAVES AS LIQUID.
    BETTER KNOWN PHENOMENON “QUICK SAND”.
    RESPONSIBLE FOR TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF DAMAGE
    IN HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE AROUND THE WORLD.
    WHY LIQUEFACTION occurrence….?
    WATER PRESSURE BECOMES STRONG ENOUGH TO
    COUNTERACT THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL ON THE
    SOIL PARTICLE.

    EFFECTIVELY “FLOAT” OR “SUSPENDS” THE


    PARTICLES WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER.
    Niigata , japan
    THE PICTURE AT RIGHT SHOWS OVERTURNED APARTMENT BUILDINGS
    IN NIIGATA, JAPAN DUE TO LIQUEFACTION IN 1964.
    Olympia, Washington, 2001

    Sand Boiling
    IF LIQUEFACTION OCCURS BENEATH A SURFACE THAT HAS HARDENED AS A RESULT OF COMPACTION, WEATHERING, OR
    SOME OTHER PROCESS; ‘SAND BOILING’ CAN OCCUR.
    What affects whether or not soil liquefaction will
    occur?
    GENERALLY, LIQUEFACTION WILL OCCUR IN LOOSE CLEAN TO SILTY
    SANDS THAT ARE BELOW THE GROUNDWATER TABLE BUT STILL CLOSE TO
    THE SURFACE OF THE DEPOSIT.
    LIQUEFACTION CAN ALSO OCCUR IN SOIL THAT IS COMPLETELY
    SUBMERGED AND COMMONLY CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DAMAGES TO
    BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS, OFF-SHORE OIL DRILLING FACILITIES, AND OTHER
    STRUCTURES THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY SUBMERGED SOIL DEPOSITS.
    PRIOR TO AN EARTHQUAKE, THE WATER PRESSURE IS RELATIVELY LOW.
     EARTHQUAKE SHAKING CAN CAUSE THE WATER PRESSURE TO
    INCREASE TO THE POINT WHERE THE SOIL PARTICLES CAN READILY MOVE
    WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER.
    LAKE MERCED, CALIFORNIA, 1957
    LIQUEFACTION CAN OCCUR EASILY ON RIVER BANKS AS WELL AS NEAR LARGER BODIES OF WATER
    LIQUEFACTION OCCURENCE IN 1976 IN GUATEMALA ON THE MONTAGUA RIVER
    UPPER DECK COLLAPSE OF BAY BRIDGE FROM SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 1989,
    Land sliding due to liquefaction
    OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON, 2001
    THE STRESSES PRODUCED DURING LIQUEFACTION CAN CAUSE TENSION CRACKS TO FORM IN THE SOIL NEAR THE
    EMBANKMENT, OR IT CAN COLLAPSE ALTOGETHER, COMMONLY KNOWN AS LATERAL SPREADING OR LAND SLIDING.
    How can the risk of damage due to soil liquefaction be
    reduced?
     

    TO AVOID PLANNING DEVELOPMENT ON LIQUEFACTION

    SUSCEPTIBLE SOILS.

    BESIDES IN-SITU TESTING, VULNERABLE SITES CAN ALSO BE IDENTIFIED BY


    RESEARCHING ANY PRIOR EVENTS AT THE SITE.
    A STRUCTURE THAT INCORPORATES DUCTILITY, HAS SUPPORTS THAT ARE
    ADJUSTABLE TO ACCOMMODATE DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT, POSSESSES THE
    ABILITY TO ACCOMMODATE LARGE DEFORMATIONS, AND HAS A FOUNDATION
    DESIGN THAT CAN SPAN ‘SOFT’ SPOTS, CAN ALL DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF
    DAMAGE INCURRED IN THE CASE OF A LIQUEFACTION EVENT.
    STEPS CAN BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE THE SOIL CONDITIONS AND
    LOWER THE POTENTIAL FOR LIQUEFACTION OCCURRENCE

    EXAMPLE OF FOUNDATION DESIGN THAT SPANS OVER A


    SOFT SPOT

    INJECTION & GROUTING


    DYNAMIC
    COMPACTION
    Reference

    www.google.com
    www.wikipedia.org
    www.studymafia.org
    Thanks

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