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    Traffic Shaping by Token Bucket: Unit 03.04.04 CS 5220: Computer Communications

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    arafath uzzaman
    Token bucket traffic shaping works by allowing a certain number of tokens to enter a bucket at a fixed rate. For each packet arriving, if there are sufficient tokens, the packet is admitted into the network. This allows bursts of packets but limits the long term transmission rate. A leaky bucket is similar but does not allow variable rate traffic as packets may be discarded if the bucket is full. The two are equivalent if the bucket size is zero, but a token bucket still avoids packet discard. Traffic shaping regulates flows to ensure conformance while policing enforces limits at the receiving end.

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    Traffic Shaping by Token Bucket: Unit 03.04.04 CS 5220: Computer Communications

    Uploaded by

    arafath uzzaman
    17 views10 pages
    Token bucket traffic shaping works by allowing a certain number of tokens to enter a bucket at a fixed rate. For each packet arriving, if there are sufficient tokens, the packet is admitted into the network. This allows bursts of packets but limits the long term transmission rate. A leaky bucket is similar but does not allow variable rate traffic as packets may be discarded if the bucket is full. The two are equivalent if the bucket size is zero, but a token bucket still avoids packet discard. Traffic shaping regulates flows to ensure conformance while policing enforces limits at the receiving end.

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    _edc2b0200df77e10cf3a77faf3f23aa5_CS5220-C3-M4-L4

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    Token bucket traffic shaping works by allowing a certain number of tokens to enter a bucket at a fixed rate. For each packet arriving, if there are sufficient tokens, the packet is admitted into the network. This allows bursts of packets but limits the long term transmission rate. A leaky bucket is similar but does not allow variable rate traffic as packets may be discarded if the bucket is full. The two are equivalent if the bucket size is zero, but a token bucket still avoids packet discard. Traffic shaping regulates flows to ensure conformance while policing enforces limits at the receiving end.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views10 pages

    Traffic Shaping by Token Bucket: Unit 03.04.04 CS 5220: Computer Communications

    Uploaded by

    arafath uzzaman
    Token bucket traffic shaping works by allowing a certain number of tokens to enter a bucket at a fixed rate. For each packet arriving, if there are sufficient tokens, the packet is admitted into the network. This allows bursts of packets but limits the long term transmission rate. A leaky bucket is similar but does not allow variable rate traffic as packets may be discarded if the bucket is full. The two are equivalent if the bucket size is zero, but a token bucket still avoids packet discard. Traffic shaping regulates flows to ensure conformance while policing enforces limits at the receiving end.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Unit 03.04.

    04
    CS 5220:
    COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS

    Traffic Shaping by Token Bucket


    XIAOBO ZHOU, Ph.D.
    Professor, Department of Computer Science
    Flow-level Traffic Shaping
     Traffic shaping refers to the process of altering a
    traffic flow to ensure conformance
     A traffic shaping device is often located at the
    node just before traffic flow leaves network
     A traffic policing device is usually located at the
    node that receives the traffic flow from a network
    Leaky Bucket Traffic Shaper
    Size N
    Incoming traffic Shaped traffic
    Server

    Packet

     Buffer incoming packets


     Play out periodically to conform to parameters
     Surges in arrivals are buffered & smoothed out
     Possible packet loss due to buffer overflow
     Restrctive, not allowing any variable-rate outgoing traffic
    Token Bucket Traffic Shaper Tokens arrive
    periodically

    An incoming packet must


    have sufficient tokens
    before admission into the
    network Size K
    Token

    Size N
    Incoming traffic Shaped traffic
    Server

    Packet
     Token rate regulates transfer of packets
     If sufficient tokens available, packets enter network without delay
     K determines how much burstiness allowed into the network
    Token Bucket Shaping Effect (full)

    b bytes instantly b+rt The token bucket constrains


    the traffic from a source to be
    limited to b + r t bits in an
    interval of length t
    r bytes/second

    Q1: what are two main differences of a leaky bucket and a token bucket?
    Allow saving for burst spending; packet discarding or not.

    Q2: When a token bucket is the same as a leaky bucket?


    b = 0; but still different indeed: packet discarding or not
    Token Bucket Shaping Effect (empty)
     Behavior of the token bucket shaper is
    similar to that of the leady bucket shaper
     If the bucket size is reduced to zero, they
    are identical
    Closed-Loop Flow Control
     Congestion control
     Feedback information to regulate flow from sources into network
     Based on buffer length, link utilization, etc.
     Examples: TCP at transport layer; congestion control at ATM level
     End-to-end vs. Hop-by-hop
     Delay in effecting control
     Implicit vs. Explicit Feedback
     Source deduces congestion from observed behavior
     Routers/switches generate messages alerting to congestion
    E2E vs. H2H Congestion Control

    Source Packet flow Destination

    (a)

    TCP vs. ATM


    Source Destination

    (b)

    Feedback information
    Congestion Warning

     The Warning Bit in ACKs


     Choke packets to the source
     A time-out due to missing acknowledgement
    Aggregate Level - Traffic Engineering
     Management exerted at flow aggregate level
     Distribution of flows in network to achieve efficient
    utilization of resources (bandwidth)
     Must take into account aggregate demand from all
    flows
     “Traffic Engineering”, at scale of minutes to days

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